Old English
Translations


Maxims I


English Translation            Old English      

Freezing shall beget frost,     fire eat wood,
earth grow and swell,     ice bridge over—
water wear a helm—,     and wondrously lock
seeds into earth.     One shall unbind
frost's fetters:     God, first in might.
Winter shall run off,     good weather come again,
summer swell hot     and the seas unstill.
Death and the dead way     will longest be dark.
Holly shall enflame,     inheritance deal out
from a dead man.
                                   Holy doom will be the best end.

King shall with cattle     and cups and rings
buy a queen.     Both shall foremost be
generous givers.     Gall and war shall wax
within warrior,     and woman shall grow
loved in her land,     be light in mood,
hold secrets close,     heap horses and treasure
with devoted heart—,     when dispensing mead
anywhere always     among warriors
herald first     her home's lord,
fill his hand     first with cup,
reaching quickly—,     and reason with him wisely,
united both     as housemasters.

Ships shall be nailed,     shields bound
of light linden-board:     her love a welcome guest
to a Frisian's wife     when his floating ship stands docked.

His ship will come     and her man come home, —
her own provider,—     and she will call him inside,
wash his worn clothes     and wrap him in new robes—
lower to him, landed,     what his love bids.

     Forst sceal fréosan,     fýr wudu meltan,
    eorðe grówan,     ís brycgian—
 
   wæter helm wegan—,     wundrum lúcan
 
   eorðan čiðas.     Án sceal on-bindan
 
   forstes fetera,     fela-mihtig God;
 
   winter sceal ge-weorpan,     weder eft cuman,
 
   sumor swegle hát,     sund un-stille.
 
   Déoþ déada weg     dierne biþ lengest;
 
   holen sceal on-ǽled,     ierfe ge-dǽled
 
   déades mannes.     Dóm biþ sélest.
 
   Cyning sceal mid čéaþe     cwéne ge-bycgan,
 
   bunum and béagum;     bú sculon ǽrest
 
   giefum gód wesan.     Gúþ sceal on eorle,
 
   wíg ge-weaxan     and wíf ge-þéon
 
   léof mid hire léodnum,     léoht-mód wesan,
 
   rúne healdan,     rúm-heort béòn
 
   méarum and máðmum,     medu-rǽdenne
 
   for ge-síþ-mægen     simble ǽg-hwǽr
 
   eodor æðelinga     ǽrest ge-grétan, 
 
   forman fulle     to fréàn hand
 
   recene ge-rǽčan,     and him rǽd witan,
 
   bold-ágendum     bǽm æt-samne.
 
   Scip sceal genægled,     scield ge-bundan,
 
   léoht linda bord,     léof will-cuma,
 
   Frísan wífe,     þonne flota standeþ;
 
   biþ his čéol cumen     and hire čeorl to hám,
 
   ágen ǽt-giefa,     and héo hine inn laðaþ,
    wæsceþ his wárig hrægl     and him seleþ wæde níewe,
    lihþ him on lande þæs his lufu bǽdeþ.


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