------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcription of Genealogical Booklet, "Richard PACE." Researched, compiled, and composed by Bonnie Haynes Chandler, my Memaw. BJHC ARCHIVE #1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note on the transcription: since this document is a text-only file, I am unable to preserve the majority of the original formatting in the document created by my grandmother. However, her work did not depend upon formatting for its in- telligibility, but rather composition and sentence structure. Therefore, no- thing integral to the information or expression of the original document has been lost. I loved my grandmother very much. My sister, brother, and I each received copies of this document for Christmas, several years ago, in 1999. James Clinton Howell, September 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ COVER PAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Richard PACE Jamestown, Virginia Born: ca. 1585, England Died: Before 1627, Jamestown, Virginia Married: October 5, 1609, England ISABELLE SMYTHE Born: ca. 1590, England Died: Before 1645, Jamestown, Virginia -- MAYCOCK -- (FUNDERBURG -- BREEDLOVE -- WESSON) Descendants: James Coleman Chandler, Jr. Shannon Renee Chandler Jennifer Lynn (Chandler) Howell James Clinton Howell Joanna Cristine Howell Jeffrey Charles Howell ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 01 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INTRODUCTION December 1, 1999 For My Children and Grandchildren Over forty years ago I copied the WESSON/BREEDLOVE family history from the old Wesson family Bible. In 1986, my HAYNES "cousins", W. R. "Bill" moon of Gadsden, Alabama and Morris Haynes of Dallas, Texas, compiled a Haynes family history which merged perfectly with my Haynes research records. Bill and Morris were PACE descendants through William Dawson Haynes (Clay County, Line- ville, Alabama, banker), who married Lucretia Pace in 1854. Their compiled Haynes family history included nearly all my early Haynes names, and it also included the Pace family history. Some of the following pages came directly from their Haynes and Pace research. These pages did not copy well, but they are readable. Some pages came from Internet research and others came from Library research.. At the same time, I was tracing my Father's HAYNES lines--including his parents, John Lumpkin Haynes and Lucy Artillia WESLEY, his Grandparents, Rev. Charles I. Wesley and Many Beasley, and his Great-Grandparents, Jackson Wesley and Nancy Ann BEAUCHAMP. Jackson Wesley and Nancy Ann Beauchamp were married in 1851 in Fayetteville, Fayette County, Georgia. Theirs was one of the first recorded marriages in Fayette County, Georgia. With Bill Moon's compiled history of the Haynes family, the Wesson Bible family history, and my own research, I was able to make the PACE/BREEDLOVE connection through Sarah Pace, who married John M. Funderburg, and whose daughter, Laura Ella Funderburg, married William Jackson Breedlove. Lauda Ella's Mother, Sarah Pace, was the daughter of Silas Pace, Jr. It soon became apparent that there were several connections between these families--one being that my mother's sister, Velma, married Joseph Burroughs, a descendant of Silas Pace, Jr.'s brother, Drury Pace. I am presently working on documentation of the BEAUCHAMP and BREEDLOVE connection. Several years ago, while working on my Beauchamp history with a friend in Athens, Georgia (who is a PACE / BREEDLOVE / BEAUCHAMP / WATTS descendant), she sent me a copy of the Ahnentafel Chart of her Breedlove family. This chart included the same information I had copied from the Wesson family Bible so many years ago. It also contained many Beauchamp clues, bringing about the pending BEAUCHAMP / BREEDLOVE connection. In the early 1800's these connected families moved from Georgia to Alabama and settled in the same central section of Alabama. This was shortly after the Government opened the Eastern section of Alabama (Indian lands) for settlement after the Creek Cession of 1832. According to my friend's chart, I found that ancestors of these Beauchamp and Breedlove families were connected all the way back to the PLANTAGANET Kings of England. During the 16th century in England, the Beauchamp and Spencer families intermarried ("Spencer" was Princess Di's ancestors). But the basic fact that you will find most interesting is that your Beauchamp and Breedlove ancestors were descendants of the Kings of England and thereby related to most of the Crown heads of Europe. They were also among the first pioneers to come to America. The only descendants from this unique Beauchamp, Breedlove, and Pace bloodline connection is through Haynes/Chandler families. The Beauchamp and Breedlove lines are Royal bloodlines. The youngest descendants of these two Royal blood- lines come from both sides of their Haynes/Chandler families, and they are: James Coleman Chandler, Jr. and Jennifer Lynn (Chandler) Howell and their chil- dren, Shannon Renee Chandler; James Clinton Howell; Joanna Cristine Howell; and Jeffrey Charles Howell. Many of the early records of the American colonies were lost or destroyed by fire. The richest sources of genealogical research material today are: the Genealogical Department of the Library of Congress; the National Archives; the National Genealogical Society; and the National Society, Daughters of the Amer- ican Revolution (DAR). All are located in Washington, DC. Bonnie Haynes Chandler ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 02 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bonnie Jean Haynes b. April 13, 1930, Sylacauga, Alabama dau. of: John William Haynes* and Hettie Bell Holman gr. dau. of: John Lumpkin Haynes and Lucy Artilla Wesley* Daniel Webster Holman and Ida Lawrence Watts g.gr. dau. of: Jacob Wesley Haynes and Rebecca Jane Hassell Rev. Charles I. Wesley* and Mary Beasley Daniel Burrell Holman and LuVicia McCain Moses Hollingsworth Watts and Eliza Ann Haynes g.g.gr. dau. of: Jackson Wesley and Nancy Ann Beauchamp* (Be'-cham) md. September 17, 1948, Rockford, Alabama James Coleman Chandler b. February 4, 1928, West Palm Beach, Florida son of: John LaFayette Chandler and Ruby Ruth Wesson* gr. son of: Elsea Chandler and Callie Hilton John Shelly Wesson* and Minnie Ophelia Ledbetter g.gr. son of: (?) Chandler and (?) (?) Hilton and (?) Kennedy William Pope Wesson and Laura Ella Breedlove* Isaac W. Ledbetter and Sarah Carolyn Crow g.g.gr. son of: William Jackson Breedlove and Laura Ella Funderburg* g.g.g.gr. son of: John Michael Funderburg and Sarah Pace* Children and Grandchildren: James Coleman Chandler, Jr.* b. July 30, 1949, Sylacauga, Alabama **** md. Connie Lee Foster b. August 9, 1952, Coldwater, Michigan dau. of: William George Foster and Beverly Jean Chase (1) *Shannon Renee Chandler, b. April 20, 1981, Chattanooga, Tennessee *************** Jennifer Lynn Chandler* b. November 25, 1956, Sylacauga, Alabama **** md. Jesse Clyde (Wood) Howell b. April 26, 1955, Augusta, Georgia son of: Ocie Greggory Wood and Peggy Lou Huffman (1) *James Clinton Howell, b. November 19, 1979, Nuremburg, Germany (2) *Joanna Cristine Howell, b. September 21, 1981, Concord, Massachusetts (3) *Jeffrey Charles Howell, b. September 25, 1985, Nuremburg, Germany ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 03 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PACE One of America's Earliest Emigrant Families [#picture01] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 04 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WHY YOU HAVE A PACE NAME Only personal names doubtless originated soon after the invention of the spoken language, although the date of their first use is lost in the darknes of the ages preceding recording history. For a thousand years, thereafter, first or given names were the only designations that men and women bore; and in the dawn of historic times, when the world was less crowded than as of today and every man knew his neighbor, one title was sufficient. Only gradually with the passing centuries and the increasing complexities of civilized society did the need rise for more specific designations. While the root of our system of family names may be traced back to early civilized times, actually the hereditary surnames, as we know today, date from a time scarcely earlier than nine hundred years ago. A surname is a name added to a baptismal name or Christian name for the purpose of making it more specific and of indicating family relationship or descendant. Classified according to the origin, most surnames fall into [three]* general classifications: one, whose arising from bodily or personal characteristics; two, those from locality or place of residence; and [three]*, those derived from an occupation. It is easier to understand the story of the development of our institution of surnames if these classifications are borne in mind. The name Pace is said to have been used originally as a baptismal name, having been derived from the provincial name for "Easter" and taken from the Latin "Pacha". It is found in ancient English and early American records in various forms of spelling, namely, Pacey, Pacye, Pacy, Pacie, Pase, Pass, Pash, Pache, Payse, and Pace, the latter of which is the spelling most generally used in America today. The spelling of the name Pace began just prior to the reign of King Henry VIII. Families bearing the name Pace were found at an early date in the English Coun- ties of Nottingham, Lincoln, Leichester, Devon, Oxford, Hart, Middlesex, Sussex, Cambridge, Norfolk, and York, as well as in the city of London. These lines, for the most part, were of the land gentry and yeomanry of Great Brit- ain. Among the earliest of those were William Pace of Dovenshire, about 1271, Hugh Pacy of Nottinghamshire, 1273; William Pact of Lincolnshire of an earlier date; Richard Duct Pas of Cambridge, 1273; Hugh Filinis Pasche, Joseph Pach and Feliciarelicta Pache of Cambridgeshire, 1273; Robert Pashe, County of Sussex, 1273; Pas of Norfolk County at a slightly earlier date; Robert Pasche and Thomas Pasch of Yorkshire, 1379; William and Johanna Pas, Yorkshire, 1379. John Pace of Leichestershire, England, in the early fifteenth century, is re- corded as being the father of Thomas Pace and John Pace. The first mentioned John Pace was married to Margaret Colby, daughter of William Colby and Alice Houghton Colby. Thomas Pace later became the Bishop of Bangor. The second John Pace married Alice Reade, daughter of Richard Reade. They had at least one son who was named Thomas. He was married to Elizabeth Southbourn of Touchborne of Hampshire and they had a daughter, Alive, and possibly other children. Certainty of Richard Pace (sometimes recorded as Pacie or Pacey) is that he was born in Hampshire, England, about 1483; but some historians have asserted that he was the brother of Thomas Pace of Leichestershire. This Richard Pace was known to have had a brother John, both of whom were prominent in the court of King Henry VIII. Richard Pace, known as the Tudor diplomat, worked along with Cardinal Woolsey and Erasmus. It is said that Cardinal Woolsey was somewhat jealous of Richard Pace and used his influence to keep him on the European continent as English Ambassador to Italy, working for the King's cause and away from the court. Richard Pace was a very high official in the Church and wrote an opinion or took a stand in favor of Henry VIII, divorcing Catherine of Aragon. He was very artistic and was a music connoisseur, however it is thought that he was not physically strong. Canterbury Church in England contains a plaque showing his position in the church. It is said that he helped write the King James version of the Bible and worked primarily on the Book of Psalms. Richard's brother, John, was living in Norfolk in 1522 and is believed to have had at least two sons John and Thomas, of whom the first was a Court Jester. Among other records of the family in England during this period there is men- tioned Richard Pace, Vicar of Stephany, county of Middlesex, before 1539, who was admitted to King College, Cambridge; Alexandria Pace of Oxford University in 1564; Elizabeth Pace of London 1583; and Barnard Paise or Paice, who married Elizabeth Sureby in London in 1616. It is generally accepted that the Pace's of Jamestown and consequently, the lineage of those in America descended from John Pace, brother of Richard Pace, who was prominent in the court of King Henry VIII. * [Note: my grandmother's original document reads "four" instead of "three," but the absence of a third characteristic, as well as the leap from two to four in the original, prompted me to edit the text according to the logic of the information.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "Family History of the Paces," from 1844 to 1850, written by Barnabas Pace, son of Drury Pace. Barnabas Pace, the writer, was born 1789. My dear Son: I have for several years intended to write you a history of the Pace Family so far as I have been personally acquainted with or had it handed down to me traditionally by older branches of the family. And I wish you to keep up the history, and at your death turn it over to any one of your descendants, if any, or to a descendant of mine, so he bears the name of Pace. I wish you to enjoin on him to keep the same up to his time and turn it over in the same way with the same directions. Also to let the box that accompanies this history, the old book, and my letters, be they many or few, be kept [together] and on no account let them be separated.................... My grandfather, Richard Pace, IV....was born in the year 1700 in Virginia on the patrimonial estate of his father and grandfather, and was the oldest son. In his 23rd year he married Elizabeth Cain, who was also of English Parents. My grandfather raised nine sons and four daughters.... Sixth son was Drury, of whom I shall not now speak, intending to devote a chapter to him before I close..... I now shall take up again the hsitory of my grandfather, Richard Pace IV. I have told you that he was born in 1700 and that he married Elizabeth Cain, in about the year 1723, where he lived on his father's land on the Roanoke until his youngest child was some seven or eight years old, the lands considerably worn, and hard to get; he mustered all his sons and daughters, and sons-in-law and daughters-in-law and moved out and settled whithin thirteen miles of Augusta, in a N. E. direction (not Augusta then but now) for the whole country was a wilderness at that time, which was 1758 or thereabouts. Bringing with him some four hundred head of cattle, and a fine stock of horses, and everything necessary to make a settlement in the wilder- ness... Here he lived a few years and the old Cherokee war breaking out in 1761, the family moved to N. Carolina in the same country Uncle Cox remained in. Here they lived two years and then moved back to Savannah River 25 miles above Augusta, obtained lands and cleared a farm, lived and died, him and grandmother, just before the war. Their remains lie within about 100 yards of the river awaiting the sound of Gabriel's trumpet.... My son, I have seen the handwriting of my grandfather; he wrote an elegant hand, spelt well and was a man of good english education. I have often heard him spoken of by old men who knew him as a man of good, sound sense, a plain, unassuming man, a good citizen, a good neighbor a kind husband, and as a parent skilled in managing a family and training his children in the pathway of virtue, honesty and economy. He knew how to govern himself and family, and was a fearer of God and a worker of righteousness. I shall now take up the history of my father, Drury Pace. He was born in October, 1745, received a good english education, was six feet, two and one-half inches high, straight built as an Indian, weighing about 180 pounds, strong bodily powers, lean faced, thin Roman nose, complexion a little ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 06 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ swarthy, coal black, straight hair, very thin on his head, eyes dark hazel, rather small, quick in their movements, and when excited in any way he would throw open his eyes in a rather glaring manner, and if angry he would snap his eyes very fast. In common conversation his voice was soft, words quick and mild, --open, pleasing countenance, well calculated to make friends wherever his lot might be cast.... In the year 1768 he married Mary Bussey, the daughter of Charles Bussey, who moved from the eastern shore of Maryland and settled on the Savannah River eight miles above Augusta, on the Carolina side, (who was also of English stock). Father, so far as I have been able to learn, located himself 17 miles above the river, on the lands of his father, where he employed himself in that best of all employments, farming and keeping and raising a large stock of cattle, horses, and hogs. Plenty rewarded his labors.......The dark clouds of war began to hang heavy over his beloved country. He long had enjoyed freedom in the true sense of the word, and did not hesitate a moment to inquire what he should do, but took up his gun, leaving mother and the three children in the hands of his God, united himself with the armies of his country, whigs as then called, in the defense of the rights of man. Almost all of his neighbors, and two of his brothers were tories, and he soon found there was no place of safety for him but in the tented field. Early in the war he was appointed Captain by Governor Rutledge of South Carolina. His neighbors sought his life. Tory officers hunted after him, plans were laid to entrap him, many a hard fought battle was he in, many hair breadth escapes did he pass through, but God, as he often said, brought him safely through them all, never suffered the enemy's ball to touch him only twice, once passing through his hat on his head, at another time cutting him slightly on his shoulder...... It is needless to run over his battles and sufferings. Suffice it to say he suffered hunger, cold, ruined a fine constitution, wasted much of his time and property in defense of his country's rights....I shall now give you a hasty sketch of my brothers and sisters, and their families........Third son was William, a large, likely man, six feet, two inches high, strong bodily powers, and a mind capacious and strong, but being raised just at the close of the Revolution he lacked education. He could read and write but very imperfectly. Sure I am, could he have been blessed with a liberal education, he would have been a ornament to society. But few men ever better understood the Scriptures, or had them more at command. He was of the high Calvinistic order, and nothing afforded him so much satisfaction as disputing with the Arminians on the doctrins of grace. He seemed never to tire or lack a quotation of Scripture. He was much gifted in disputation, and it was his delight. Early in life he made a profession of religion, joined the old Baptists.... William never married until he was about thirty years old. He then married Lucretia Gardner, a widow, whose maiden name was Robinson, and old lady Robinson was a Glover, and a sister to Uncle Charles Bussey's wife. She had ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 07 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ two children, both daughters, the eldest was Frances. She married William Stocks, and lived to have one child and died in child bed. Stocks then married the other sister Patsy, and is now alive, and living in Talladega, Alabama. William had one son and four daughters. The son married a Miss Leverett and lives in Alabama.....Brother then lost his first wife, and married Agathy Parker, by whom he had two sons and two daughters--Brother died in his 55th year, and left a smart handful of property. He died in Jasper County and was buried in Morgan County beside his first wife. His widow married James Montgomery of Jasper County, Georgia, where they now live. Here permit me to say that no man was ever more blessed in a wife, or wives, than he. His last wife was good, and his first wife had no equals, a Christian Mother in Israel. A true copy. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 18 day of February 1944. Maud McLure Kelly Wm. A. McMullen My commission Expires August 1945 Notary Public. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 08 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ RICHARD PACE AND ISABELLA PACE CHANCO GEORGE PACE AND SARAH MAYCOCK Richard Pace and his wife, Isabella, had settled in Jamestown during the early 1600s. The exact date of their arrival has not been determined. The early days of Jamestown were those of almost inhuman livability for the settlers. Disease, starvation, and attacks from Indians took their toll on lives and property. The town was burned repeatedly. Captain John Smith has been given credit in the pages of history for saving Jamestown. However, it appears that had it not been for Richard Pace and Chanco in 1622, the settlement would have been completely wiped out. An Indian Chief, Powatan had been friendly with John Smith and the colonists. When he died in the 1620s, his brother, Opechankano, became chief. This new chief resented the white man and schemingly, as servants were living near the households of the colonists, he worked to completely destroy the colo- nists. Richard Pace had taken into his home the Indian boy, Chanco, as perhaps a play- mate for his son, George. As a matter of course, the Indian boy was taught the Christian religion. Chanco idolized his master and his white boy play-mate. When word was spread among the Indians for the massacre of March 22, 1622, Chanco was conscience stricken. He felt a certain loyalty to his Indian ancestors. Yet, the teachings of the Christian religion had taught him that murder was sinful. Chanco's Christian spirit was triumphant. He told his master, Richard Pace, of the impending danger. Pace at once secured his own household and went hurriedly across the James River to warn the colonists at Jamestown. The colonists made preparation for the Indian raid, and consequently much of Jamestown and its settlers was saved. However, word of the massacre did not reach outlying settlements and they were totally destroyed. There were 31 plantations destroyed and 341 men, women, and children known killed. Religion was an important factor in the early days of Jamestown. One of the first buildings built was a church. Samuel Maycock was brought to Jamestown from England as a Minister to the church. He was given a grant of land, north of Jamestown on the James River and the plantation was named Maycock. After the March 22 Massacre, the infant daughter of Samuel Maycock, Sarah, was found alive. Other dwellres of the Maycock plantation had been killed by the Indians. It is thought that Sarah was about four months old at the time of the Indian raid. About 1637 she married George, son of Richard and Isabella Pace, and they moved to the Maycock Plantation. George and Sarah had two known children, Richard Pace II and Elizabeth Pace. Apparently George and Sarah lived on Maycock Plantation the balance of their lives. It is exceptional, in fact, it may be the only incidence in history where the blood of two such gentlemen should be joined in one child--Richard Pace, II. He and Sarah thus became the ancestors and transmitted the blood of Richard Pace I and Samuel Maycock to all of these who followed in line after them. There is today the historical marker below, erected by the Virginia Conservation Commission, regarding Pace's Paines, the home and plantation of Richard Pace I and his wife, Isabella, and another one in honor of Richard Pace I and the Indian boy, Chanco, for saving the English colony from total destruction. This marker is not located near Pace's Paines, but is on highwar No, 10, about 3-1/2 or 4 miles West of Shurry and 7 miles South of Pace's Paines. The inscription is as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 09 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PACE'S PAINES THIS PLACE, SEVEN MILES NORTH, WAS SETTLED BY RICHARD PACE IN 1620. ON THE NIGHT BEFORE THE INDIAN MASSACRE ON MARCH 22, 1622, AN INDIAN, CHANCO, REVEALED THE PLOT TO PACE, WHO REACHED JAMESTOWN IN TIME TO SAVE THE SETTLERS IN THAT VICINITY. ************* (BRONZE PLAQUE IN THE OLD CHURCH TOWER, JAMESTOWN VIRGINIA) IN MEMORY OF CHANCO AN INDIAN YOUTH CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY WHO RESIDED IN THE HOUSEHOLD OF RICHARD PACE ACROSS THE RIVER FROM JAMESTOWN AND WHO, ON THE EVE OF THE INDIAN MASSACRE OF MARCH 22, 1622, WARNED PACE OF THE MURDEROUS PLOT, THUS ENABLING PACE TO CROSS THE RIVER IN A CANOE TO ALERT AND SAVE THE JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT FROM IMPENDING DISASTER ERECTED BY THE SOCIETY OF COLONIAL DAMES OF AMERICA IN THE STATE OF VIRGINIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [picture of PACE'S PAINES sign, with the following notation] HISTORICAL MARKER This marker placed by VIRGINIA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Located on the South Side of the James River on State Highway Number 10; four miles West of Surry, Virginia on road to Richmond Virginia. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [picture of IN MEMORY OF CHANCO plaque, with the following notation] BRONZE PLAQUE IN THE OLD CHURCH TOWER, JAMESTOWN VA. 1982 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [map of area around Pace's Paines, as well as a note indicating the location of the PACE'S PAINES sign] Past of Surry County, Virginia ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------ WORKING CHART ------ PACE FAMILY (1) RICHARD PACE, ANCIENT PLANTER -- To Jamestown, Virginia by Aug, 1611. Born circa (ca.) 1585 England, died before 21 January 1627 Virginia; married 5 Oct. 1608 in Middlesex County, England, to ISABELLE SMYTHE, ANCIENT PLANTER, born ca. 1590 England, died before 31 December, 1645 in Virginia. (possibly England) (2) GEORGE PACE -- Born ca. 1609, England. Died post 12 Oct., 1650, and before 4 Jan. 1655/6 in Virginia. Married ca. 1630 to SARAH MAYCOCKE, born ca. 1621 in Jamestown, Va. Died ca. 1645 in Virginia. (dau. of Colonel SAMUEL MAYCOCKE) (3) RICHARD PACE -- Boen ca. 1638 Charles City Co. Va., died ca. 1677, Charles City Co. Va. Married by 13 March, ca. 1661 in Charles City Co. to MARY KNOWLES, (dau. of John Knowles and Mary Broadnax) (4) RICHARD PACE -- born ca. 1675, Va., will proved Feb. 1738 Bertie Precinct, N. C. Removed from Va. to N. C. ca. 1723 - 1726. Married ca. 1688 REBECCA POYTHRESS, born ca. 1665. (dau. of FRANCIS POYTHRESS and REBECCA COGGIN) (5) RICHARD PACE -- Born ca. 1699, Va., died ca. 1775 in Ga. Removed from N. C. to S. S. ca. 1757, thence to Ga. ca. 1759, Married ca. 1723 in N. C. to ELIZABETH CAIN, died ca. 1775 Ga. (6) SILAS PACE Sr. -- Born ca. 1746, N. C., died pre 1790, Edgefield District, S. C.; Married before 13 Dec. 1770 to MARY NEWSOME, born ca. 1750 in Bertie Precinct, N. C. Died 1804 in Columbia Co. Ga. (dau. of SOLOMON NEWSOME and MARTHA MATTHEWS) (7) SILAS PACE JR. -- Born ca. 1778, S. C., died 1811, Abbeville District, S. C.; Married ca. 1800, Edgefield Ca. S. C. to ELIZABETH FOREMAN, born ca. 1780, N. C., died 1863, Benton (Calhoun) Co. Ala. (dau. of ISAAC FOREMAN AND SARAH) (8) SARAH PACE -- b. ca. 1800, Montgomery, AL. d. Talladega County, m. JOHN MICHAEL FUNDERBURG, b. ca. 1798, d. Talladega, AL (9) LAURA FUNDERBURG -- Born 13JAN1833, Talladega County, AL d. abt. 1877, New Orleans, LA m. 12JAN1849, WILKINS JACKSON BREEDLOVE, Born 15OCT1828 Montgomery, AL., d. 01MAY1902. Children: Elbert; Walter; Daniel; Johnny; Emory; Ella Laura. (10) ELLA LAURA FUNDERBURG -- Born 26MAY1857, Died 06JAN1931, m. WILLIAM POPE WESSON Born 02FEB1855, Died 01MAR1931. Children: Jesse; Laura; Katie; Fanny; Bat; John Shelly. (11) JOHN SHELLY WESSON -- Born 29NOV1878, Died 21MAR1956, m. MINNIE OPHELIA LEDBETTER, Born 19FEB1887, Died 21OCT1963. One child: (12) RUBY RUTH WESSON -- Born 1906, Died 1930, m. JOHN LaFAYETTE CHANDLER, CHILDREN: (13) MARGIE RUTH CHANDLER -- m. JOHN H. TOMLIN (14) JOHNNY, LARRY, BARRY, JERRY, and DORIS JEAN TOMLIN (13) JAMES COLEMAN CHANDLER -- m. BONNIE JEAN HAYNES (14) JAMES COLEMAN CHANDLER, JR. -- m. CONNIE LEE FOSTER (15) SHANNON RENEE CHANDLER (14) JENNIFER LYNN CHANDLER -- m. JESSE CLYDE (WOOD) HOWELL (15) JAMES CLINTON HOWELL (16) JOANNA CRISTINE HOWELL (17) JEFFREY CHARLES HOWELL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [NOTE ON PAGE 14: The original formatting of page 14 contains bold-facing, to indicate the ancestors through whom direct descent is traced. In order to pre- serve these intentions, words that are bold-faced in the original document are surrounded by asterisks.] ------ EXTENDED WORKING CHART ------ *PACE FAMILY* (1) *RICHARD PACE I*, ANCIENT PLANTER -- To Virginia by or before 1611. Born circa (ca.) 1585 in England. Died before 21 January, 1627 in Virginia. Married 5 October, 1608 in Middlesex County, England to ISABELL SMYTHE, ANCIENT PLANTER, born ca. 1590 in England. Died before 3DEC1645 in Virginia. One Child: (2) *GEORGE PACE* -- Born ca. 1609. Died post 12 October, 1650 and before 4 January 1655/6 in Virginia. Married ca. 1630 SARAH MAYCOCK (dau. of *Colonel SAMUEL MAYCOCK*), Born 1622 in Jamestown, Virginia. Died before 15 February, 1658/9 in Virginia. CHILDREN: (1) *RICHARD PACE II* (2) ELIZABETH (PACE) HAMBLIN (3) *RICHARD PACE II* -- Born ca. 1637/8 in Virginia. Died ca. 1677/8 in Virginia. Married by March 13, 1661/2 in Charles City County, Virginia to *MARY KNOWLES, (dau. of REV. JOHN KNOWLES and MARY BROADNAX.)* CHILDREN: (4) SARAH PACE (4) ELIZABETH PACE md JOHN HARDEN SR. (4) *RICHARD PACE III md REBECCA POYTHRESS* (4) JOHN PACE md ELIZABETH NEWSOME (4) JAMES PACE (4) THOMAS PACE (4) ANN PACE (4) GEORGE PACE md SARAH WOODLIEF (4) *RICAHRD PACE III* -- Born ca. 1665 in Virginia. Will proved February 1738 in Bertie County, North Carolina. Removed from Virginia to North Carolina ca. 1703-1706. Married *REBECCA POYTHRESS* ca. 1688. Born in 1665. *(dau. of FRANCIS POYTHRESS and REBECCA COGGIN)* CHILDREN: (5) *RICHARD PACE IV* md ELIZABETH CAIN (5) WILLIAM PACE md CELIA BOYKIN (5) THOMAS PACE md AMY (5) ANN PACE md Mr. STEWART (5) AMY PACE md. Mr. GREEN (5) FRANCES PACE md. Mr. GREEN (5) TABITHA PACE md JOHN MOORE (5) MARY PACE md JOHN JOHNSON (5) REBECCA PACE md (1) JOHN BRADFORD (2) WILLIAM AYCOCK (5) SARAH PACE md Mr. HOUSE (5) *RICHARD PACE IV* -- Born ca. 1699/1700 in Virginia. Died ca 1775 in Georgia. Removed from North Carolina to South Carolina ca. 1757, and from there to Georgia ca. 1759. Married ca. 1723 to *ELIZABETH CAIN (dau. of JAMES CAIN)*. Died ca. 1775 in Georgia. CHILDREN: (6) *SILACE PACE SR.* md MARY NEWSOME (6) JAMES PACE md AURELIA DUPREE (6) CHARLES PACE md MARY (CATHERINE) GARNETT (6) DREDZIL PACE md Cherokee Indian (6) THOMAS PACE died not married (D.N.M.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (6) DRURY PACE md MARY BUSSEY (6) BARNABAS PACE md (1) AGNES AYCOCK (2) MARY (POLLY) CASEY (6) KNOWLES PACE D.N.M. (6) RICHARD PACE md. (1) CHARLOTTE (2) SARAH DAY (6) DARIUS PACE md DOROTHY RAINES (6) SARAH PACE md ARTHUR FORT (6) female md Mr. O'DANIEL (6) female md Mr. COX (6) *SILAS PACE SR.* -- Born ca. 1746 in North Carolina. Died before 1790 in Edgefield District, South Carolina. Married before 13 December 1770 to *MARY NEWSOME*. Born ca. 1750 in Bertie Precinct, North Carolina. Died 1804 in Columbia County, Georgia. (dau. of *SOLOMON NEWSOME, SR. and MARTHA MATTHEWS*) CHILDREN: (7) *SILACE PACE JR.* md ELIZABETH FOREMAN (7) SARAH PACE md ZACHARIAH RAY (7) JOHN PACE md SARAH (7) WILLIAM PACE md BERTHENA COX (7) DAVID PACE D.N.M. (7) MARY ANN PACE md ALLEN JOHNSON (7) *SILAS PACE JR.* -- Born ca. 1778 in South Carolina. Died 11 February, 1811 in Abbeville District, South Carolina. Married ca. 1800 to *ELIZABETH FOREMAN*. Born ca. 1780 in North Carolina. Died in 1863 in Benton (Calhoun) County, Alabama. (dau. of *ISAAC FOREMAN and SARAH*) CHILDREN: (8) BARTLEY M. PACE SR. md ELIZABETH TAYLOR (8) *SARAH PACE* md JOHN M. FUNDERBURG (8) SERENA PACE md PETER POPE (8) MARANDA M. PACE md ELI BYNUM (8) SALINA PACE md STEPHEN S. GRAY (8) *SARAH PACE* -- Born abt. 1804, Orangeburg Dist. SC. d. July 1864, Sylacauga, AL, md *JOHN MICHAEL FUNDERBURG*, Born 04JUN1802 Orangeburg Dist. SC, d. 10JAN1860, Talledega, AL CHILDREN: (9) EVALINE B. FUNDERBURG md DENIES M. FINN (9) AMANDA M. FUNDERBURG md WILLIAM P. BULL (9) PARTHENA T. FUNDERBURG md KIT MITCHELL (9) ISAAC S. FUNDERBURG, Born abt. 1832 (9) *LAURA ELLA FUNDERBURG* md WILLIAM JACKSON BREEDLOVE (9) SARAH A. FUNGERBURG md MR. MITCHELL (9) SILAS A. FUNDERBURG, Born abt. 1839, AL (9) JOHN W. FUNDERBURG, Born abt. 1841, AL (9) *LAURA ELLA FUNDERBURG* -- 13JAN1833, Talladega County, AL d. abt. 1877, New Orleans, LA, md. 12JAN1849, *WILLIAM JACKSON BREEDLOVE*, Born 15OCT1828, d. 01MAY1889, Talladega, AL CHILDREN: (10) ELBERT BREEDLOVE (10) WALTER BREEDLOVE (10) DANIEL BREEDLOVE (10) JOHNNY BREEDLOVE (10) EMORY BREEDLOVE (10) *LAURA ELLA BREEDLOVE* md WILLIAM POPE WESSON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (10) *ELLA LAURA BREEDLOVE* -- Born 16MAY1857, Died 06JAN1931, md *WILLIAM POPE WESSON*, Born 02FEB1855, Died 01MAR1931 (Son of *JOHN POPE WESSON and JANE McGHEE). CHILDREN: (11) JESSE WESSON (11) LAURA WESSON (11) KATIE WESSON (11) FANNY WESSON (11) BAT WESSON md John Taylor (11) *JOHN SHELLY WESSON* md Minnie Ophelia Ledbetter (11) *JOHN SHELLY WESSON* -- Born 29OCT1878, Died 21MAR1956, md *MINNIE OPHELIA LEDBETTER*, Born 19FEB1887, Died 21OCT1963 (Dau. of *ISAAC W. LEDBETTER and SARAH CAROLYN CROW*) CHILD: (12) *RUBY RUTH WESSON* md. JOHN LAFAYETTE CHANDLER (12) *RUBY RUTH WESSON* -- Born 1906, Died 1930, md. *JOHN LAFAYETTE CHANDLER* (Son of *ELSEA CHANDLER* and *CALLIE HILTON* CHILDREN: (13) MARGIE RUTH CHANDLER --mr JOHN H. TOMLIN (Children: Johnny, Larry, Barry, Jerry, Doris Jean Tomlin) (13) *JAMES COLEMAN CHANDLER* md BONNIE JEAN HAYNES (13) *JAMES COLEMAN CHANDLER, SR.* -- Born 04FEB1928 md 17SEP1948 *BONNIE JEAN HAYNES*, Born 13APR1930 (dau. of *JOHN WILLIAM HAYNES and HETTIE BELL HOLMAN*) CHILDREN: (14) *JAMES COLEMAN CHANDLER, JR.* md CONNIE LEE FOSTER (14) *JENNIFER LYNN CHANDLER* md JESSE CLYDE (WOOD) HOWELL (14) *JAMES COLEMAN CHANDLER, JR.* -- Born 30JUL1949 md *CONNIE LEE FOSTER*, Born 09AUG1952, Coldwater, Michigan (dau. of *WILLIAM GEORGE FISTER and BEVERLY JEAN CHASE*). CHILD: (15) *SHANNON RENEE CHANDLER*, Born 20APR1981 (14) *JENNIFER LYNN CHANDLER* -- Born 25NOV1957 md *JESSE CLYDE (WOOD) HOWELL*, Born 26APR1956 (son of *OCIE GREGGORY WOOD* md *PEGGY LOU HUFFMAN*--adopted by Peggy's 2nd husband, *CLINTON HOWELL*) CHILDREN: (15) *JAMES CLINTON HOWELL* -- Boen 19NOV1979 (15) *JOANNA CRISTINE HOWELL* -- Born 21SEP1981 (15) *JEFFREY CHARLES HOWELL* -- Born 25SEP1985 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 17 [Note: Given the age of this document, archaic spellings have been preserved in this transcription.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 270 PATENTS GRANTED, Inc[?] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- On the Northerly Side, is the land belonging to Southampton hundred Containing 1000001 Acres, extending from Tanks Wayonoke downe to the mouth of Chicahomny River. ----------------------- THE CORPORACON OF JAMES CITTIE Adjioyneing to the mouth of Chicohominy River ther are 2000 Acres of Land, laid out for y^e Company 3000 Acres, laid out for the place of the Gouerner (planted) in w^ch are Some smale parcells, graunted by Sir THOMAS DALE and Sir SAMUELL ARGALL (planted). _ Mr RICHARD BUCKE .................. 750 Acres planted | By Pattent The GEABE {GLEABE} LAND ........... 100 ............. _| In the Hand of James Cittie, are many parcells of land, graunted to the inhabitant's by Pattent, and order of Courtt The Territory of TAPPAHANNA ouer against JAMES CITTIE. _ JOHN DODD'S........................ 150 Acres | JOHN BURROWS ..................... 150 planted | RICHARD PACE ...................... 200 planted | FRANCIS CHAPMAN ................... 100 | By Pattent THOMAS GATES ...................... 100 | Mr. JOHN ROLFE .................... 400 planted | Capt W^m POWELL* .................. 200 planted_| Capt SAMUELL MATHEWS Diuident planted Captaine JOHN HURLESTONS Diuident planted _ JOHN BAINHAM ...................... 200 Acres planted | Mr GEORGE SANDYS .................. 300 planted | EDWARD GRINDON .................... 150 planted | WILLIAM EWENS .................... 1000 planted | By Pattent Capt W^m POWELL* .................. 550 planted | Ensigne JO: VTIE .................. 100 | ROBERT EUERS ...................... 100 Acres _| ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * [POWELL, in each case, in the duplicate list.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 18 -- Photocopied from a source titled "CAVALIERS AND PIONEERS" [Note: Entries noted by my grandmother are designated with three aster- isks.] [Note: Though the original document is formatted with two columns of text, as in a newspaper, for the sake of simplicity I have transcribed these as one column.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for trans. of 20 pers., whoe came in the Temperance in 1621 for the account of Sir Georg Yeardley, Kt., & sett over unto the sd. Lt. Flint, viz: Maxmillian Stone, Elizabeth his wife, Georg White- hand, Thomas Newson, Thomas Mann, Thomas Harris, Thomas Powis, William Chelmedge, Jon. Wray, Phillipp Smith, Richard Gregory & John Moyer, Peter Mason, Henry Rowen, Nath. Thomas, William Brooke, John Phillipps, John Bradford, John Penny, & George Deverell. ELIZABETH JONES, wife of Giles Jones, Gent., 100 acs. within the Island of Point Comfort, 16 Oct. 1628, p. 60. Sly. upon the ponds, Nly. towards the end of the island, Ely. upon Chese- peiacke Bay & Wly. on the Cr. parting it from the maine land. Her first per. devdt., being an Ancient Planter; to be doubled etc. ENSIGNE THOMAS WILLOUGH- BY, Gent., of Eliz. City, 50 acs., 17 Nov. 1628, p. 61. Wly. upon Salfords Cr., E. unto land formerly graunted to Miles Prickett, now in the tenure of sd. Willoughby. Due for trans. of Strenght Shere whoe came at the charge of Capt. William Tucker in the Ellins 1621 & made over to sd. Willoughby by Act of Court 17 Oct. 1628. JOHN POTT, Dr. of Physicke & one of the Councell of State, 12 acs. lying aboute his howse within the precincts of James City, 20 Sept. 1628, p. 61. S. upon the back streete, Nwd. through the Swamp & W. upon ground late in the tenure of Edward Blaney. Due as part of his per. adv. 3 acs. granted to him 11 Aug. 1624, to which the above is added. ***IZABELLA PERRY, wife of William Perry, Gent., 200 acs. within the Corp. of James Citty, 20 Sept. 1628, p. 62. At the S. side of the plantation called Paces Paine granted to herselfe & her late husband Richard Pace, dec'd., 5 Dec. 1620; W. on the land of John Bur- rowes now in the tenure of John Smith, E. to land graunted to her son Georg Pace, & N. on the maine river. 100 acs. for her owne per. adv., being an An- cient Planter & the other 100 acs. as the devdt of Francis Chapman, having been graunted to him 5 Dec. 1620 & by him made over to Richard Richards & Rich- ard Dolphenby & by them made over to sd. Izabella at a Court at James Citty 21 Jan. 1621. ***GEORG PACE, sonn & heire ap- parent to Richard Pace, dec'd., 400 acs. within the Corp. of James Citty, 1 Sept. 1628, p. 64. On S. side of the river at the plantation called Paces Paines, graunted to his father 5 Dec. 1620; W. on land of his mother Izabella Perry, E. on land of Francis Chapman, now in the tenure of William Perry, Gent., his father in law, & N. on the maine river. 100 acs. due for the per. adv. of Rich- ard Pace & 300 acs. by trans. of Lewis Bayly, Richard Irnest, John Skinner, Bennett Bulle, Roger Macher, & Ann Mason, whoe came in the Marmaduke 1621. THOMAS SULLEY, Planter, of Eliz. Citty, 94 acs. towards the head of Southampton Riv., Sly. on a Cr. parting this from land of Thomas Bolden, Wly. upon the maine land. 30 Nov. 1628, p. 65. Part of his per. adv., being an Ancient Planter, & the other 6 acs. within the Is. of James Citty to be doubled &c. MARTHA KEY, wife of Thomas Key, Planter, of Warwick River, 2 Dec. 1628, p. 66. Lying on E. side of Warr- wicksqueike Riv. opposite against land of Capt. Nathaniell Basse, Nly. towards the mouth of sd. river on a small Cr., Sly. up the same to land of Rice Jones, W. upon the river & E. upon the maine land. Her first per. devdt., being an Ancient Planter. RICE JONES, Planter, of Warwick River, 50 acs., 2 Dec. 1628, p. 67. Ly- ing on the Ely. side of Warwicksqueicke Riv., Nly. on land of Martha Key, S. to land of Phettiplace Clause, W. on sd. river & E. on the maine land. Due as his first devdt. Due unto Francis West for trans. of sd. Jones whoe came from Cannada in the John & Francis in 1623 & by these presents made over to him, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 19 -- The following is original material written or cited by my grandmother. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAMUEL MAYCOCK Religion was a very important factor in the early days of Jamestown. One of the first buildings erected was a church. Samuel Maycock was a sizar at Jesus College, Cambridge, England, and reported to be highly spoken of by his contemporaries. A sizar was an undergraduate at Cambridge University, England, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, who received aid from the college for maintenance. (Virginia Magazine, Vol. 25, page 342) Samuel Maycock was sent to Jamestown, to serve as minister of the church, at the request of Governor Argall March 1617. His wife accompanied him. (Page 92, Volume III Records of the Virginia Company) In 1618 three new settlements or hundreds were established, namely, Flowerdieu Hundred, Martin's Hundred, and Maycock's Hundred. The word "Hundred" is a term used by the English to designate a shire or parish. Originally it was supposed to have one hundred citizens or families in its jurisdiction. Sir George Yeardley came to Virginia in 1619 and brought with him one of the most important documents ever sent the colony-letters patent, granting permission to elect as assembly. This had come about by Sir Edwin Dandys assuming command of the affairs of the London Company, in England. He was dem- ocretic and liberal in the administration of his office, and had abiding faith in the future of the Virginia Colony. Each of the 11 burroughs were authorized to elect two representatives. Governor Yeardley called the General Assembly to meet in Jamestown. This was to be the First Representative Legislative Assembly that ever met in America. The Assembly was called the House of Burgesses, as Burroughs were represented, counties not yet being formed, and the name was retained ever afterwards. Emulating the House of Commons, in England, they sat in the Assembly with their hats on. (Page 54, Colonial Virginia, by William B. Cridlin) On July 30, 1619, this first legislative assembly that convened on the American continent met in the church at Jamestown. It consisted of the Governor, six councellors, and 20 Burgesses - two from each of the ten settlements. It was called the House of Burgesses. (Cridlin's History of Colonial Virginia). The monument at Jamestown, in honor of this First Council of America and the Burgesses, who were members of the first House of Burgesses, lists their names and include Captain Francis West, Captain Nathanial Powell, Master John Pory, Reverend Wicksham, and Master Samuel Maycock. In a letter in 1619 by Governor George Yeardley, to the Virginia Company in England, concerning the need for more counselors, he states that "Mr. Maycock, who dwells at Charles Hundred, 40 miles from Jamestown, is diligent in attending the Council sessions and is, indeed, my chief strength in right". (Kingbury "Records of Virginia Company," Vol. 3, page 119) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Then, on July 21, 1621, the Virginia Company issued "An Ordinance and Constitution for Council and Assembly in Virginia". It contained in part the following: "We, by authority directed to us from His Majesty, hereby order and declare, that hence forward there by two Supreme Counsells in Virginia for the better government of the said colony. The one of which to be called the Counsell of State and whose office shall chiefly be assisting with their care, advice and circumspection to the Governor; shall be chosen, nominated, placed and displaced by the Company, and shall consist for the present only of Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor of Virginia, Captain Francis West, Sir George Yeardley, Mr. George Thorpe, Captain Nathaniel Powell, Mr. Roger Smith, Mr. John Rolfe, Mr. Samuel Macocke, and 15 others." "The other Counsell to be called by the Governor yearly and for very extraordinary and important occasions and shall consist for the present of said Counsell of State and of two Burgesses out of each hundred and other particular plantations to be chosen by the inhabitants. Which Counsell shall be called the General Assemblie, wherein all matters shall be decyded, determined and ordered by the greater part of the voyces than present, reserving always to the Governor a negative voyce; provided no law or ordinance made in said General Assembly shall be and continue in force and validity unless solemly ratified and confirmed by the greater court here in England and so ratified and returned to them under our seal." (Vol. 3 Records of The Virginia Company, 482-3-4) "So the Right Reverend Samuel Maycock was not only a 'Minister of the Gospel', but also a capable manager and valuable adviser. In a discussion of the Governor's councillors he was termed 'a gentleman of birth, virtue and industry'. But disaster came. In the Massacre of March 22, 1622, Samuel Maycock, Edward Lister, Thomas Browne were killed by the Indians. There is no mention of Samuel Maycock's wife or his infant daughter named Sarah. (Vol. 3, Records of the Virginia Company). This daughter had been born only a few weeks before the Massacre and the fact that she and her mother were not among those listed as killed was evidently due to the fact that Mrs. Maycock died in child-birth and little Sarah was being cared for by friends in Jamestown. The census of 1624 shows that little Sarah was born in Virginia, that she was two years of age at the time of the census, and was then living in the home of Captain Roger Smith. Twelve or thirteen years after this census, that is, in 1636 or 1637, Sarah Maycock, the only child of Samuel Maycock, married George Pace, the only child of Richard and Isabella Pace. She thereby passed the blood of Samuel Maycock to her and George Pace's only child - Richard Pace, II and his descend- ants. The Maycock plantation was inherited by his infant father Sarah. In Volume 4, pages 551 and 559, of the Records of the Virginia Company, there is listed 'Extracts of all the titles and estates of land, sent to the Virginia Company by Governor Francis Wyatt May, 1625. On page 554 appears the following: "Mr. Samuel Macockes divident" "Persey's hundred 1000 acres planted" "Tank Wayonoke over against Persey's hundred: 2000 acres" On page 555 there appears ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "Richard Pace - 200 acres planted" There is no mention of the remaining 400 acres owned by Richard Pace and his wife Isabella. The Maycock plantation was sold by Richard Pace, II, the son of George and Sarah Pace, to Thomas Drew. In 1774 the place was purchased by David Meade, whose horticultural development inspired an ecstatic commentator to asy "Forest and Fruit trees are arranged as if nature and art had conspired together to strike the eye most agreeably." There is a marker on Route 10 from Surry to Petersburg, Virginia as follows: MAYCOCK PLANTATION Six Miles North, on James River, The Place was patented about 1618 by Samuel Maycock, Slain in the Massacre of 1622. In 1774 David Meade became the Owner. There Cornwallis crossed the River May 24, 1781. Anthony Wayne Crossed there August 30, 1781. GENERATION III - RICHARD PACE, II Richard Pace, II, the son of George Pace and Sarah Maycock, was born in late 1737. He was their only child. He was the grandson of Richard Pace, I, and Samuel Maycock - two of the most important and historical early colonists at Jamestown. Both played impor- tant parts in the protection, preservation, and history of early Virginia. Both are honored today for their courage and devotion, and as representing two of the earliest families of Virginia. It is quite unusual and exceptional - in fact, it may be the only incidence in history - that the blood of both such gentlemen and patriots should be joined in one child - Richard Pace, II, who thence became the ancestor, and transmitted the blood of Richard Pace, I, and Samuel Maycock, to all of those who followed in line after them. There is today, as previously mentioned, (1) the Historical Marker, erected by the Virginia Conservation Commission, regarding Pace's Paines, the home and plantation of Richard Pace, I, and his wife, Isabella, and in honor of Richard Pace, I, and the Indian boy, Chanco, for saving the English colony from total destruction. This marker is not located near Pace's Paines, but is on Highway No. 10, about 3 1/2 or 4 miles West of Surry and 7 miles South of Pace's Paines. The inscription is as follows: PACE'S PAINES THIS PLACE, SEVEN MILES NORTH, WAS SETTLED BY RICHARD PACE IN 1620. ON THE NIGHT BEFORE THE INDIAN MASSACRE ON MARCH 22, 1622, AN INDIAN, CHANCO, REVEALED THE PLOT TO PACE, WHO REACHED JAMESTOWN IN TIME TO SAVE THE SETTLERS IN THAT VICINITY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ There is also the Historical Marker, on Route 10, from Surry to Petersburg, in honor of Samuel Maycock, Minister, gentleman, scholar, member of the Governor's Council of State and of the House of Burgesses. The inscription is as follows: MAYCOCK PLANTATION SIX MILES NORTH, ON JAMES RIVER, THE PLACE WAS PATENTED ABOUT 1618 BY SAMUEL MAYCOCK, SLAIN IN THE MASSACRE OF 1622. IN 1774 DAVID MEADE BECAME THE OWNER. THERE CORNWALLIS CROSSED THE RIVER MAY 24, 1781. ANTHONY WAYNE CROSSED THERE AUGUST 30, 1781. Call it fate or fotrune - it is certainly not fiction that Richard Pace came to Jamestown during the period 1609-1611, and that Samuel Maycock, a minister, educated at Cambridge College, was sent to Jamestown in 1617 by the Virginia Company in London to serve as pastor of the first church built in Jamestown, and that Richard Pace, a devout Christian, very likely was a regular member of his congregation. No doubt Samuel Maycock often stopped at Pace's Paines to visit with Richard Pace and take him to Jamestown. On his way to Jamestown Maycock would have to pass, on the south side of the river, Flowerdieu Hundred (Piercey's Hundred) 1618; Captain Spilman's Divident, before 1622; Wards Plantation, 1619; Martin's Brandon, 1617; and Pace's Paines, 1620. It may be added here that the Maycock Plantation, often called "Master Maycock's Divident", as late as 1655 remained in the family of the George Pace's. George and Sarah were then dead, and their son, Richard Pace, II, applied for a guardianship. (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 25, page 342). This application for appointment of a guardian is the first available record about Richard Pace, II. It is found in the Charles City Record Book 1655-1665, page 3, dated January 4, 1655, and reads as follows: "Whereas Richard Pace, the orphan and heir of George Pace, deceased, has at this Court made choice of and humbly desires confirmation of Mr. William Baugh, the Court doth hereby grant and confirm his said request." February 11, 1659, "Richard Pace, of Powell's Creeke, planter", sold a "certain neck of land lying between the branch commonly called the western branch of Flower de Hundred Creek." (Charles City County Record Book for 1655-1665, page 249). There are numerous other deeds of record in Charles City County be- tween 1659 and 166t5, by Richard Pace, II. He usually referred to himself as "planter". John Drayton seems to have figured prominently in the various records made by Richard Pace. He and James Ward and Richard Taylor seem to be connected with Richard Pace very closely. Fleet's Abstracts, Charles City County, Vol. 12, page 19, shows a deed dated 13 March, 1661/2 by Richard Pace "with the consent of wife, Mary Pace" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ for "300 pounds sterling money of England", to Richard Taylor described as "land upon Powell's Creek to the road commonly called 'the Harknest' and so butting upon the ready bottoms as far as William Wilkins plantation". Deed was also signed by Mary Pace. In deed recorded May 19, 1659, Charles City County Book, abstracts by Fleet, Vol. 11, page 33 (179), Richard Pace, II, refers to himself as follows: "I, Richard Pace, sonne and heire apparent of Mr. George Pace of the Com. of Charles City att Mount Marsh in Virginia, and sonne and heire as the first issue by my mother Mrs. Sara Macocke, wife unto my aforesaid father (both being deceased)." In Virginia Colonel Abstracts, Vol. 13, page 512, appears an unusual order, October 9, 1664, by the Charles City County Court, as follows: "It is ordered that 85 pounds tobacco be likewise levied for each horse or mare in this County, according to Act, to defray the charge for killin wolves and paid as follows:" shows 8 names includ- ing "Richard Pace, 2 wolves, 400 pounds." It is crystal clear that Richard's wife was named Mary, as she signed deeds with him. There appears to be ample evidence to lead us to believe that Richard's wife was Mary Knowles, the daughter of Reverend John Knowles, who was sent to Virginia to preach to the people of Isles of Wight County. He was born in England about 1628, and died in 1679 in Henrico County, Virginia. The first record of Reverend John Knowles being in Virginia is obtain- ed fron "The Seventeenth Century Isle of Wight County, Virginia," by Boodie, page 57. The Nansemond County records were destroyed by fire about 1888, so there is no information obtainable about the Puritans of that county. There was apparently a scarcity of Ministers in this new settlement, for in 1642 Phillip Bennett made a voyage to Boston to secure some Ministers. He carried letters to the "Elders of Boston" in which the writers bewailed their sad condition for the want of the means of salvation. The letters were from upper Norfolk (later Nansemond) and were signed by Richard Bennet, John Hill, Daniel Gookin, and sixty-nine others. (Boddie). The New England account of this voyage was that: "About the year 1642 the Lord was pleased to put it into the hearts of some godly people in Virginia to send to New England for some Ministers of Christ to be helpful unto them in instruct- ing them in the truth as it is in Jesus." "The godly Mr. Phillip Bennett, coming hither, made our Reverend Elders acquainted with this distress, who were ever zealous to take all opportunities for enlarging the Kingdom of Christ, and upon serious consideration the Reverend Mr. Knowles, of Watertown, and Mr. Thompson of Braintree, were sent unto them; who, arriving there in safety, preached openly to the people for some good space of time, and also from house to house exhorted the people daily that with full purpose of heart they come unto the Lord. The harvest they had was plentiful for the little space of time they were there; 'till being opposed by the Governor, and some other malignant spirits, they were forced to return to New England." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The ministers referred to were the Reverent William Thompson, a graduate of Oxford, and the Reverend John Knowles, a graduate of Immanuel College, Cambridge. However, Reverend John KNowles returned to Virginia some years later and settled in Henrico County, adjoining Charles City County, and lived on an adjoining plantation to Richard Ward. (Valentine Papers, Vol. 2, page 619). Henrico County records give proof of the fact the death of John Knowles in Henrico, showing the settlement of his estate. (Vol. 1677-1692, page 4). John Knowles' wife, named Mary, was the daughter of Thomas Broadnax and Elizabeth Taylor (his second wife). Their daughter, Mary Knowles, married Richard Pace, II, and they were the parents of eight children: five sons, Richard, III, Thomas, John, George and James, and three daughters, Ann, Sarah, and Elizabeth. As stated above the mother of these eight children was Mary, the daughter of Thomas Broadnax and the wife of John Knowles. This requires some check on the "Broadnax Family". Very little information is available. The William and Mary Quarterly Magazine, Volume 14, pages 52-58, shows that among the families of County Kent, in England, the Broadnax families held a respected position. The following pedigree is taken from Berry's Kentish. 1. Robert Broadnax, under Henry V, married Alice Scoppe, and had Robert of Hyde (Hythe), who died in 1487. 2. Robert Broadnax of Hyde married _______ Julian and had as issues: John, Cecilius, and Margaret (who married John Horne). 3. John Broadnax married Margaret and had as issue: William of Bermuda, Winfred, Joan and Martha. 4. William Broadnax married Agnes ________ and died in 1527. Their son, Robert of Chariton, married Joan Knight and had fourteen children, including Thomas of Godmersham. 5. Thomas Broadnax of Godmersham married Elizabeth Taylor, daughter of John Taylor, of Welsborough and had as issue: Thomas, William, Henry, Susan Robert (born 1615, died 1673, married Elizabeth Curteis) Elizabeth, married Daniel Qhite of Winchelsea, John married Dorothy ________. Mary married John Knowles, Martha married William Wootten. The last record we find of Richard Pace, II, was in 1673. He paid tythes in Surry County in 1668, but did not live there. The destruction of the Charles City County records keep us from learning the date of the death of Richard Pace, II, and his wife Mary Knowles Pace. Of the six children of Richard Pace, II, AND his wife, Mary Knowles Pace: 1. Their son, Richard, III, is next in line in our Pace family and will be given special attention under Generation IV. 2. George Pace's name appears in the Rent Roll of 1704, in Prince ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ George County, and he made a deed to John West in 1715. (Virginia Magazine, Volume 28, page 335.) 3. James Pace married Sarah Eppes, the daughter of William Eppes and his wife Sara (who was the daughter of Caesar Walpole). His father-in-law, William Eppes, made him a deed to land in 1715. 4. Thomas Pace married (1) Alecia Fleming and (2) Sarah ________. He was witness to a deed between Thomas Ravenscroft, William Hamlin and William Eppes in 1724. 5. John Pace married Elizabeth Newsome. She was the daughter of William Newsome. He moved to Middlesex County, Virginia. They had a daughter Sarah, baptized 1694, and a son George, baptized 1715. (Virginia Magazine, Volume 4, page 29). 6. Elizabeth Pace first married Thomas Ravenscroft, Sr. She later married John Hamlin, who bought the "Maycock" Plantation from Roger Drayton in 1696. John Hamlin was the son of Stephen Hamlin, Jr., and Mary Elam. He was Captain of the Colonial Virginia Militia in 1680, and was a member of the House of Burgesses in 1714, 1720 and 1722 from Prince George County. The Will of his wife, Elizabeth, was prived in Prince George County May 23, 1720, and names "son William, grandson Thomas, daughters Elizabeth, Lucy and Hannah." Her son William was Clerk of Prince County in 1714. In 1696 John Hamlin gave Maycock Plantation to his son John Hamlin, Jr. Of the six children of Richard Pace, II, and Mary (Knowles) Pace only Richard, III moved to North Carolina, and this action brought about, for the most part, the many Pace families now living in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. GENERATION IV RICHARD PACE, III (SON OF RICHARD PACE, II, AND MARY KNOWLES) He is generally referred to as Richard Pace of North Carolina, as he was the first member of the Pace family to leave Virginia (in 1704) to settle in the Chowan precinct, Albemarle County, North Carolina. Thirty-four years later (1738) he died in that Province in the County of Bertie, leaving his wife, Rebecca, and ten children. (His Will is on record with the North Carolina Historical Commission in Raleigh.) His brother John also migrated to North Carolina and was later fol- lowed by his brothers George and James Pace. The Pace family of North Carolina has been historically honored, as was the Richard Pace, I, family of Jamestown. In his book "PACE - One of America's Earliest Emigrant Families", Mr. Noble H. Pace, of Columbus, Mississippi, shows that: "The North Carolina colony was known as the proprietory colony because eight of the King's Lords were granted large tracts of land in North Carolina, among them being Lord Granville". It was Richard Pace, III, who received, in 1706, a land grant from Lord Granville, one of the earliest made in North Carolina. A copy of this land grant is today hanging in the Hall of History at Raleigh, North Carolina, with a map of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ these lands, being on the Moratoke River - now the Roanoke River. There are only three of these old grants in the Hall of History. George Pace and James Pace also received land grants, ________ the present Albemarle Sound, an area East of Raleigh. North Carolina records reveal a Dempsey Pace as having been granted 640 acres of land for 84 months of service in the Revolutionary War. North Carolina records also show Burrell Pace, a Revolutionary soldier, who settled in Polk County, North Carolina, near Ashville and Hendersonville. Notable among later descendents of Burrell Pace was the late Columbus Pace, who was elected to the bench at the age of 21 and served as Judge for 61 years. His grandson, Judge Charles Mills Pace, is today a judge at Spartanburg, South Carolina. NOTE: The Pace Society of America had it's first meeting in Columbus, Mississippi, it's headquarters, in 1964, presided over by Mr. Noble H. Pace, Mistorian, and Judge Charles Mills Pace was a very interesting speaker. Richard Pace, III, married Rebecca Poythress. Her father, Francis Poythress, was an emigrant and came to Virginia in 1636. The arms are on the tomb in Blandford Churchyard, Petersburg, Virginia. He received a grant of 400 acres in Charles City in 1637. (Prince George County, Virginia, Deeds 1713-28, Part 1, page 269). Richard, III, and Rebecca had ten children. We have seen accounts which mention only seven or eight children. But there can be no question or doubt on this subject as each and every one of the ten are mentioned in their father's will; which, as mentioned above, is on record with the North Carolina Historical Commission in Raleigh. It not only gives the names of the ten childrne, all married in 1736, but also the family name of the husband of all seven daughters. The names are as follows: Three sons: William I, Richard IV, and Thomas Seven daughters: Ann (Howard); Rebecca (Bradford); Amy (Green); Frences (Green); Tabitha (Moore); Mary (Johnson) ; and Sarah (House) His Will was executed March 1736, and may be found in Volume XXII, page 36, of the North Carolina Historical Commission. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 27 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DREDZIL EVANS PACE [two photocopies of pictures of Dredzil Evans Pace's grave] Dredzil Evans Pace is interred in the cemetery of the Old Liberty Church which is about five miles west of Ashland, Ala. The inscription on the marble slab over his grave reads as follows. REV. D. E. PACE 12/25/1805 11/5/1852 "Elected Pastor of Liberty Church in 1844 and served continuously untill the year of his death." "They that turn many to righteousness shall shine as the stars forever and ever." Daniel 12-3 This marble slab is given in token of love and respect to him who was a faithfull follower of Jesus Christ by his son-in-law. W. D. Haynes, Sr. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [photocopy of a photograph of Militia (Leverett) Pace's grave] MILITIA (LEVERETT) PACE 5/12/1808 12/30/1883 Wife of Dreadzil E. Pace Interred in the old Ashland cemetery in downtown Ashland, Ala. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AMERICA'S GRANDFATHER of PACE'S PAINES VIRGINIA in 1622 Robert Andrew Hingson, M.D., D. Sc.* Listen my children, come face to face with your brave, great, grandfather Richard Pace. He lived in England four centuries past. He finished Cambridge the best in his class. He Grandpapa John finished Cambridge and Eton too, like Father John he did best what he had to do. One was High Jester for King Henry the Eighth who had to be careful about what he ate. His father was Secretary for Queen Elizabeth the First. You see, your ancestors had noble birth. When Richard learned the Admiral** of the ocean sea discovered America for you and me, he asked the Queen for a farm on Virginia's shore. She granted his wish and a little bit more: Two hundred acres on the Jamestown River where savages fought with bow and quivver. She asked him to take his wife Isabella Smythe and little son George to build a new life. She needed a brave soldier for wilderness works to protect her colony in Virginia's Woods. Pace cut down the forests and planted corn; he began his work each early morn. He caught fish in the river from a dugout canoe; he finished the work he had to do. He built a big home on Mt. Pleasant Bluff; he saved his earnings till he had enough to return his son to an English school, a court education was his father's goal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ When the Marmaduke sailed with little George, loneliness began on Pace's Paines Gorge. To fill the gap the Paces found an Indian lad, Chanco by name who had lost his dad. Chanco was taught to read and write, to plant the crops and care for the stock. A grateful foster son this Indian Chanco, he taught Colonel Pace to plant tobacco. The money rolled in from this smoking weed It paid plantation debts with joyful speed. The Jamestown colonials could see the stars when Europe smoked more Raleigh cigars. Prosperity in Virginia replaced 'starvin' time'. Uprising Indians began to combine to plot, to destroy these pale face invaders, swapping land for a toy. Upon the death of friendly Chief Powhatan, his brother the treacherous Chief Opechan ordered the Indian braves to destroy every man, his squaw and every child in his colony clan. Chanco's job was the Chief's command: The murder of Father Pace on the ides of March, Then destroy his men and lift the torch. Tears and fears filled Chanco's soul His prayers to God begged another role. To save, not kill; to return love, not hate, brace little Chanco opened the gate. In the midnight of March, he awakened Pace with warning plea "make haste from your bed" "The death threats to the Governor you must spread." Pace secured his home, then with fearless face, he sprang down the bluff to begin his race. He paddled with skill his dugout canoe. He did the thing he had to do. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ He crossed three miles of the Jamestown streams; he rowed like the champion of his college team. By three o'clock past midnight he reached the governor, with Chanco's message of fearful proportions. First alerting the guards then house by house, Pace recounted the sorrows before the massacre. He foretold the horror of the mass death-macabre. A thousand souls in defensive retribution must arm and destroy or face total destruction. You know the rest in the books you have read, how the Indian raiders burned and fled; how the Colonials in Jamestown defended their homes, preserved their city by the strength of their bones. When forewarned and forearms through the message of Pace, through Chanco came the respite of Amazing Grace. But on Surrey's Shores, they reached their mark; more than three hundred scalps were removed in the dark. * * * * * * * * Now in sixteen hours since Pace was shaken By Chanco's cries himself to awaken, he had twice crossed six miles of water in frosty mists like Virginia's October. He had alarmed the guards, conferred with the Governor, galloped his horse 20 miles up the river; distributed pistols, fireballs and powder; repeated the warning to every farmer; recrossed the river to Surry's Shores. Now with only one thought in his aching dome, He was on the run to his plantation home. He turned the fork of the familiar lane; he was saddened by the smoke of the smouldering grain. The pastures were empty of sheep and cattle, every sign his friends had lost their battle. One old bull which was dead all over, carried three red feathered arrows behind his left shoulder. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ One dead Indian with tomahawk in hand who lay lifeless and dead on Virginia's sand had three blond scalps and a frying pan. Pace quickly ran into Pastor Maycock's cabin, on the bedroom floor in bloody mutilation were the corpses of Reverend Sam and his Wife. Alas! no other sign of surviving life. A tear rolled down his cheek when he discovered Baby Sarah's cradle was empty without cover. Pace fearfully circled the house and farm; he searched the well, the garden, the barn. A frightened mother cat on a pile of limbs disappeared within the frighten him. Her cries directed him to remove the limbs covering an open grave - on a quilt of silk lay a four month baby clutching a bottle of milk. Little Sarah was saved as he lifted her up - her crackers, her milk and her silver cup. Mother Pace would finish the job farsightedly begun by the Maycocks and God. As he warmed little Sarah inside his coat, how could he know she would marry son George? She at 15 and George 21, became parents of his Richard grandson. As ancestors of Richards II through IV, now Drury then William, Dreadzile and Lucrecia's five generations; Richard Pace's 5000 descendants helped build a new nation. As a target of the wrath of Indian revenge, when the colonials in battle, while their homes did singe, Richard Pace had a fatal arrow delivered into him. America's Grandfather dead at thirty-two, had completed the job he had to do. Forbourne on the night wind of the past through all out history to the last, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ people will waken and hear that splash by swiftly moving oars in this nautical dash, to carry Chanco's warning Pace brought with him. It saved the Jamestown colony when hopes were dim. England and America shall honor them. * Author is 12th generation descendant of Richard Pace I, whose great x 5 grandfather translated the Book of Psalms for the King James Version of the Bible. The poem's completion celebrates his 72nd birthday on April 13, 1985. ** Columbus ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 34 [The following pages are photocopies of a newspaper article from The Tifton Gazette, date of publication unknown. However, since the completion of the above poem marked Hingson's 72nd birthday, and the article describes Hingson as 70 years old, it seems likely that the article was written and published after 13 April 1983 and before 13 April 1984.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Tifton Gazette "Hingson Believes Many Ills Can Be Solved With Device" [Photocopy of photograph printed along with news story.] [The following text comprises the caption to the photograph.] Dr. Robert A. Hingson of Ocilla believes that many of the world's health problems can be solved through the use of the jet injector, a device he developed 30 years ago. The doctor, who moved to Ocilla three years ago after retiring from college teaching, remains heavily involved with Brother's Brother Foundation, a charitable organization founded by him. (Gazette Photo by Herb[?] [unreadable]) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 35 [The following text comprises the article dedicated to Dr. Hingson.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ By DAVID PUTNAL Gazette Staff Writer OCILLA -- More than 900 million people have been innoculated with the jet gun injector, but the physician who developed it says the world is still "just piddling" with his invention. Dr. Robert A. Hingson, who introduced the jet injector more than 30 years ago, believes it possesses the capability to virtually eliminate killing diseases from the planet. "I truly believe this is one of the greatest inventions of all time," the doctor said in an interview at his home in Ocilla. Hingson, 70, moved to Irwin County three years ago after retiring from the faculty at the University of Pittsburgh's school of medicine. He continues to promote use of the injector in world health care. The hand-held gun uses a 700 mph burst from a compressed air cartridge to inject its dosage through a small hole in the skin 10 times smaller than any needle. The instrument can vaccinate 10,000 people in a single day without the cost or contamination problems posed by a traditional needle and syringe. The guns are used extensively by the U. S. military, and have been used in many immunization campaigns, including the successful worldwide effort to wipe out smallpox. The mathematical possibilities Hingson quotes for the injector are mind-boggling. "If you had a thousand guns, you could innoculate every person in Georgia in one day." And with the three guns lying on the brass coffee table in his living room, "I have everything right here to get rid of disease in Tift and Irwin and Ben Hill counties." Despite widespread use, Hingson said the full potential of the jet injector has not yet been realized, largely because most of the groups he has approached, including the U. S. government and many churches, are not interested in immunization on a no-strings-attached basis. "As long as Baptists want to make more Baptists, as long as Jews want a limit on the Arabs, you're going to fragment God's family," he assessed the dilemma. Hence much of the immunization had been undertaken by Hingson himself and by an organization he founded in 1957, Brother's Brother Foundation, a non-profit, inter- denominational foundation specializing in international health care and education projects. With financial backing and in-kind contributions from corporations, churches, civic clubs and private individuals, Brother's Brother has helped to eradicate disease epidemics in more than 20 nations and among 20 million people. In addition to providing vaccinations, the Pittsburgh-based foundation has provided developing nations with surplus eyeglasses, textbooks, farm implements and seeds, and has sent doctors and supplies to the scenes of natural disaster. Hingson served as director of the foundation until his retirement, and continues as its medical director. His son is now the executive director of Brother's Brother. While hardly abandoning his longtime dream of a disease-free world, Hingson has taken on a much smaller, but more attainable project since moving to Irwin County. "I'm trying to get this county to be the first county in this state free of influenza and pneumonia," he explained. By offering free immunization clinics for senior citizens--a third of whom die from pneumonia--he estimates he's vaccinated about half the county's elderly population. Hingson grew up in Anniston, Ala., and graduated from Emory University Medical School in 1938. War was then brewing in Europe, and foreseeing his induction into the service, Hingson took the initiative and joined the U. S. Public Health Service. After working in epidemic control in New York, he was assigned to a hospital ship at sea when the shooting started in Europe. The young doctor was aboard a Coast Guard vessel sent to Finland in the fall of 1939 to pick up Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, who had fled Germany after a last ditch effort to negotiate peace with Hitler was aborted. On the return voyage, Hingson treated Morgenthau for a serious bout of migraine headaches, and the secretary asked if there was any way he could return the favor. "I said that I wanted some graduate education," Hingson recalled. "He said, 'When you get to New York, I'm going to give you an assignment.' That assignment was at the Mayo Clinic for graduate education." Hingson's graduate study was in the field of anesthesiology, a chore that previously had been left up to nurses. "I was the first doctor to be given an education in anesthetics history," he said. The doctor was later transferred to New York's Staten Island Marine Hospital, where in 1942 he introduced continuous caudal analgesia, the first method of painless childbirth that permitted the mother to remain awake. In the past, drugs such as heroin and cocaine had been used in childbirth, rendering the mother nearly unconscious and often resulting in brain damage, drug addiction or death in the babies. "My method was to block the area in the back that controls the labor," Hingson explained. "I reasoned that it would be better to put the part of the mother that was having the baby asleep and not the heart, brain or lungs." The technique, which involves injection through a specially developed malleable needle inserted into the base of the spine, had been used in millions of childbirths around the world. Other countries invited Hingson to come and teach the new technique, and the resulting travel gave him a firsthand view of epidemic and starvation that led to a revelation. "I learned that the major problem in the world was not the control of pain, but the control of death." Hingson became obsessed with abolishing the more than 100 lethal diseases present in the world, and began working on a device to carry out the idea. The doctor's interest in air-powered injection dated back to his work as an intern, when he treated a shipyard worker who had collapsed while using a high- pressure hose that delivered oil in a ship-building process. Although there was no visible mark on the man's skin, Hingson found that a small amount of oil had been cleanly injected into the worker's hand from a tiny rupture in the hose. Hingson worked with engineers on the jet gun during the 1940s while on assign- ments at Thomas Jefferson Medical School, the University of Tennessee and Johns Hopkins University. The injector got its first big test in 1953, when Hingson, who was teaching at Case Western Reserve University after leaving active duty with the Public Health Service, was given the opportunity to administer polio injections to 12,000 postal employees and their families. The task took only a day. Liberia was the site of the first major demonstration of the mass immunization technique by the Brother's Brother Foundation. After a major smallpox epidemic hit the African nation, the foundation administered more than 850,000 vaccinations in 1962, completely eliminating the disease in that country. Hingson remained at Case Western until 1968, when he joined the faculty at Pittsburgh. He retired in 1980 after suffering a fourth heart attack, and he and his wife, Gussie, moved to Ocilla and into the rambling Georgian home built by her grandfather in 1914. "I wanted a place I could relate to, and one that related to my background," said Kingson of his return to the South. Although he is officially retired, Hingson continues to lecture college students and to travel extensively promoting the work of his foundation, including a recent trip to the People's Republic of China. Two of the Hingsons' children have become doctors, and Luke Hingson, who now directs the Brother's Brother Foundation, was recently named "Young Person of the World" by Jaycees International. Luke earlier was named one of the 10 Outstanding Young Men in America by the Jaycees, an honor that was bestowed on his father in 1949. Another son, Dr. Ralph Hingson, has been nominated for the award for his study of the relationship of alcohol and marijuana abuse to teen-age traffic deaths. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 36 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Reprinted from REGIONAL ANESTHESIA, April-June 1981 Vol. 6, No. 2 (c) J. B. Lippincott Co. Printed in U. S. A. "The Pathway Across a Half Century of Development of Safe Control of Obstetric Pain in Childbirth" Robert A. Hingson, M.D., D.Sc., L.L.D., LITT.D., D.H.L. [photocopy of photograph of Hingson printed in journal] Introduction Alon P. Winnie, M.D. Robert Andrew Hingson was born in Anniston, Alabama in 1913. He attended the University of Alabama, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1935, and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1938. During his internship at U.S. Marine Hospital, Staten Island, New York, he became interested in problems related to anesthesia and pain. As a result, he entered the Mayo Clinic in 1940 as a Fellow in Anesthesiology, returning to Staten Island in 1941 to become the Chief of the Department of Anesthesia of the same U.S. Marine Hospital. Since his early days as a student of medicine, he was keenly interested in the relief of pain of childbirth, so immediately he began to devote most of his anesthetic activities to obstetrical anesthesia. In 1943 he became Director of Anesthesia at the Philadelphia Lying-In Hospital, and then in 1945 he became the first Professor of Anesthesiology at the University of Tennessee School of Medicine. In 1948 his continued interest in the relief of pain of childbirth took him to Johns Hopkins University where he was Professor of Anesthesiology and Co-Director of Anesthetia Research. In 1951 Doctor Hingson moved to Cleveland where he became the first Professor of Anesthesiology at Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Director of Anesthesiology at the University Hospitals of Cleveland. He remained in Cleveland until 1968 when he moved to the Magee Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh as Director of Anesthesia, a post which he held until 1973, when he left academic anesthesia to devote full time to the humanitarian work of Operation Brother's Brother. Throughout his professional life, Doctor Hingson has been a prodigious contri- butor to the medical literature, including two textbooks of obstetric anesthesia and, in addition, the famous and monumental "Pitkins Conduction Block." While most of his innovative efforts in anesthesia related to the development of better and safer anesthetic technics [sic] for labor and deliver, he has also invented many devices in hsi continuing effort to prevent disease and save lives in under- developed countries of the world. ---------------- Presented at the meeting of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia, Atlanta, Georgia, March 12 to 15, 1981. Address correspondence to Dr. Hingson: Director, The Brother's Brother Foundation, 824 Grandview Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15211. 0146-521X/81/0400/0062 $00.75 (c) American Society of Regional Anesthesia 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 37 [The following text is a transcription of a pamphlet from Brother's Brother Foundation.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [FLAP 1] 1982 Program Services * 1,100,000 books to schools, universities, hospitals, and civic organizations in the Bahamas, China, Dominican Republic, India, Jamaica, Jordan, and other countries. * 20,00 farm tools and 100,000 pounds of seed to farm cooperatives, schools, Peace Corps, and mission projects in Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Greece, Grenada, Jamaice, Lebanon, Liberia, Nicaragua, Somalia, Uganda, Viet Nam, and Zambia. * 350,000 pounds of medical supplies and equipment to charity hospitals and clinics in Chile, Costa Rica, Crenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Korea, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigaragua, Peru, Philip- pines, Sierra Leone, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Uganda, and the United States. ------------------------------------------------------- [chart named "Highlights of Financial Data 1980-1983"] ------------------------------------------------------- [FLAP 2] Board of Trustees Chairman, Board of Trustees Paul A. Crouch Aluminum Company of America (Ret.) Vice Chairman, Board of Trustees William Tallon Doig Optical Company President Luke L. Hingson Medical Director Robert A. Hingson, M.D., D. Sc. Executive Committee (Pittsburgh) David Barkan D.D.S James Pierotti Washington Steel Corporation Paul A Crouch Miles M. Prescott Joseph DiMaio Equitable Life Assurance Society DiMaio Marketing Services Richard M. Rafferty Pearl Figgins, M.D., M.P.H. American Diagnostic Systems Anthony Galletta, M.D. Balwant Singh, D.V.M., Ph. D. University of Pittsburgh Luke L. Hingson President, BBF Jeanne DeVore Slinchock Robert A. Hingson, M.D., D. Sc. William Tallon Medical Director, BBF Doig Optical Company Phillip Jones Howard Weiss Equibank Equibank James L. Kammert Lynn Williams Equibank (Past Chairman, B.B.F.) United Steelworkers of America Robert Maloney III Toronto Dominion Bank Brother's Brother Foundation Staff Mary Sue Boyda Mary Virginia Dearth (Volunteer) Elizabeth Capell Mary Miscoe (Volunteer) John H. Curry ------------------------------------------------------- The policy of the Brother's Brother Foundation is to work in partnership with international neighbors to improve the quality of life and meet urgent human needs. Donors and recipients alike have become personal and diplomatic friends dedicated to peace, health and prosperity in our world. ------------------------------------------------------- [LOGO of Brother's Brother Foundation] The Brother's Brother Foundation 824 Grandview Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15211 (412) 431-1600 Telex 866-195 ------------------------------------------------------- {FLAP 3] Brother's Brother Foundation... A Perspective There's an image we Americans have about poverty, hunger, disease, and illiteracy. "They belong somewhere else" is our general view. We at Brother's Brother Foundation know those conditions don't "belong" anywhere. And for over a quarter of a century, we've been working, thanks to generous donations and help from a growing number of supporters, to make sure those conditions find fewer places in the world to call home. That was the starting point of ideas for Doctor Robert Hingson twenty-five years ago when he began the work of the Brother's Brother Foun- dation. The idea has not been altered, only rein- forced. During those years, the Foundation carefully cultivated and expanded its relation- ship with the private sector and governmental bodies to assist millions of people overseas through the provision of health care, books, farm tools, vegetable seed, medical supplies, and construction materials. The following excerpt from a letter sent by President Ronald Reagan to Doctor Hingson captures a feeling of recognition for our foundation's work. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Santa Barbara August 29, 1983 Dear Dr. Hingson: ...Your efforts on behalf of those less fortunate in a wonderful example of America's unselfish spirit. Nancy joins me in sending you our best wishes. Sincerely, [signature of Ronald Reagan] Please take a few minutes to share the thoughts about Brother's Brother Foundation which prompted President Reagan to extend his best wishes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 38 [The following text is a transcription of my grandmother's original writing.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE MASSACRE OF 1622 "When the swift savage axe Flashed in the fire-light, treacherous, and fell, And all the far plantations shook with death." As previously noted, the death of Powhatan in 1618 had left as successor to his throne, after short interregnum, the treacherous and vindictive Opechancanough, a deadly secret enemy of the colonists. Protesting love and affection for them, for four years he plotted their destruction, while with crafty and unrelenting deli- beration he sought and secured the promise of co-operation from the subchiefs and tribes who either acknowledged his over-lordship or came within the sphere of his influence. The marriage of Rolfe and Pocahontas, while staying in the hand of Powhatan, and causing him faithfully to observe the treaty of peace, then entered into, had not produced the lasting effect nor good-will and understanding among the two races as had at first seemed fully consummated. The Indians were deeply offended that the English refused to follow the example of Rolfe and continue intermarriage with the women of their tribes. Not only did the settlers decline these advances, but sent to England for their wives. Unfortunately, the colonists, not yet understanding the true traits of the Indian character, were unaware of having thus instilled into the hearts of their savage neighbors, a feeling of offended pride and mortification. Little did they then realize an Indian never forgets nor forgives an affront and that this was an additional offense added to their grievances. Yet, they had not been neglected by the colonists. Attempts at conversion had been made, trade had been esta- blished, and many were employed by individual planters to assist in the various vocations of the time. Encouraged in the cultivation of friendly intercourse they were welcome guests at the planters tables and admitted into their homes and habitations. Though accepting the tender of hospitality, encouraged by their wily chieftain, the spirit of hate was ever cultivated and revenge found lodgment in the secret recesses of their savage breasts. It was during this unguarded intercourse that the Indians formulated their plan for a general massacre--indiscriminate slaughter of every man, woman, and child in the colony. Opechancanough, distinguished for fearless and rancorous hate, renewed the treaty that his more humane brother, Powhatan, had entered into and faithfully guarded. Availing himself of the feeling of security this act produced among the whites, he prepared his followers for the final act in the great tragedy he had projected with such consummate skill. Each tribe, except those on the Eastern Shore, who were without the sphere of his influence, he carefully prepared, for the day of massacre, with that single mind- ness of purpose characteristic of Indian revenge. A write of that period asserts that, "notwithstanding the long interval that elapsed between the formation and execution of their present enterprise, and the perpetual intercourse that subsisted between them and the white people, the most impenetrable secrecy was preserved; and so consummate and fearless was their dissimulation, they were accustomed to borrow boats from the English to cross the river, in order to concert and communicate the progress of their designs." The death of Nemattanow, one of their celebrated sub-chiefs, seems to have furnished Opechancanough the final argument to sharpen the ferocity of the waiting Indians and give them sense of ample provocation. The Indian, Nemattanow, (Jack of the Feather) by courage, craft and good fortune, had obtained great repute among his countrymen. In skirmishes and engagements with other Indian tribes, and in former hostile clashes with the English, he had exposed his person with a bravery that so surprised his savage companions and so instilled them with awe and astonishment that to them his body was apparently invulnerable; therefore, his person had been invested with the character of sanctity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 39 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Emboldened by his continued successful achievements, Nemattanow treacherously mur- dered a planter named Morgan, and fell, in turn, a victim to the revengeful fury of the farmer's sons. Finding the pangs of death fast approaching he entreated his capturers to conceal his fate and grave, that the secret of his mortality might never be revealed. The young men acceded to the request, but the secret was discovered, and amidst the lamentations of his tribesmen, Opechancanough issued his secret call to arms. The colonists, unsuspicious of the treachery of their friends (?), not only con- tinued instructing them in the handling of firearms, but furnished them with rifles, powder and ball to assist in hunting and in defense against their enemies. God pity the innocence of these confiding Englishmen. Differing from the colonists in New England and New Amsterdam, who mostly seated themselves in towns and fortified stockades, the liberty loving Virginians disbursed themselves along the rivers and lowlands of the Tidewater section, each intent to found a home in which he and family could enjoy the blessings of peace, undisturbed by an over-abundance of neighbors. The land was fertile, the climate ideal, the arrangement a happy readjustment of conditions left behind them in the mother country, now far removed. Again, were not the Indians their good friends upon whom they could call for assist- ance in any emergency which might befall? This condition, of course, did much toward making the task, upon which Opechancanough had set his subchiefs to work, a comparatively easy one. The Indians, instructed to be more friendly than ever before, brought fish and game as daily presents to the planters' doorsteps. Assist- ance was given in the preparation of crops and guides furnished in hunting and exploration. Seated as guests at the planter's table, they partook of the food and hospitality of the unsuspecting host and his happy wife, fondled their little ones and listened to their infant prattle as the inquisitive children climbed upon their laps and played with the bright colored beads that dangled from their necks. Good Friday, March 22, 1622, dawned bright and clear. Young mothers, humming home- land nursery songs, cuddled cooing offsprings to their breasts and smiled in day dreams of the happy years to come. Housewives hastened their preparations for the morning meal that husband and his Indian guests might eat their fill and smoke their Peace Pipe at the door. We picture Superintendent Thorpe, lately arrived from England, pointing out the foundation of the university building the workmen had just commenced to lay; explaining to his new acquaintances the wonderful benefit it would prove to the Indian boys and girls. John Rolfe, reading aloud the last letter from his young son in England and exhibiting the handwriting that appeared so unintelligible to his Indian guests. How proud, he thought, they must be of this chold of Pocahontas, their beloved and lamented Princess. Was their soul-piercing eye to read their thoughts; no mighty arm to stay their savage breasts? No Pocahontas hearted youth or maiden to give them warning of their pending fate? No Nantaquas? Aye! One, and only one, found pity in his heart. Chanco, a converted youth, working for his patron and godfather, Richard Pace, first learned the story of the plot on the night before the massacre. His brother, spending the night with him, gave him orders from the Indian chief that he should strike his patron down, when came the hour of noon, next day. Chanco, dissembling, drew forth the story in the full, then, as his brother sped away to join his band, made haste to awaken the sleeping Pace and give him notice of the plot. Pace succeeded in warning Jamestown and the adjacent planted, but those more distant could not be reached in time. At mid-day, the hour arranged, the Indian war hoop signaled throughout the settle- ments; each savage swooping down upon the victim selected for his scalping knife. Surprised, defenseless, there fell within ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ the hour, mid every brutal outrage familiar to the savage race, 347 souls. Neither age nor sex found mercy given them. Defenseless children, babes at breast, were added numbers to the slain. Six members of the Council, Superintendent Thorpe, John Rolfe, Colonel Samuel Maycock (father of Sarah, who later married George Pace, son of Richard) and many of the colonists' most influential citizens, met death that day. No quarter was shown to anyone who could not save his life by stout defense. Henricopolis, destroyed, was never built again. The first university projected in America was forever to be abandoned. On the morning of Good Friday, March 22, 1622, there were 1,240 people in the colony; that afternoon only 893 survived and many of these would have fallen victims to the massacre had not Chanco, the converted Indian, given warning to Richard Pace. The disastrous tragedy came very near proving fatal to the young colony. It had struggled through many adversities for fifteen years, and at last was justified in feeling it had established perma- nent settlements on the shores of the Chesapeake and James. To the planters, happy in the thought that not only were they seated upon fertile acres of their own crops, justifying the labor they placed upon them and presuming their neighbors, the Indians, to be apparently friendly, the mass- acres came as a flash of lightning from a clear sky. The colony seemed doomed. The months from March until December gave the crucial test as to whether the settlement should prove a failure, or, arising from its ashes, should push forward with more determination than ever. Had it ever been a decision to be debated by the colonists alone, a satisfactory solution could have been made by the survivors, but there were powers beyond the sea, intrigue, deceit and every other discouragement brought to bear upon them before the Virginians could again find security in the rebuilding of their shattered estates. Such was the dread produced by the terrible massacre, in which, more than one-fourth of the entire colony had been slain, most of the survivors left their plantations and hastened to Jamestown for protection. Huddled together in unwholesome quarters, they awaited in fear a repetition of attempted annihilation. Many, panic-stricken, secured passage in vessels returning to England, and not one in ten of the plant- ations could muster an inhabitant. Hawthorne, the historian, asserts that 2,000 settlers left the colony, but this error is evident, as there were only 893 survivors. The colony was not abandoned. Concentration, at the more easily defended plantations, was decided upon. The suggestion that Jamestown be abandoned and the colonists retire to Eastern Shore, where they could the better defend themselves, was rejected. The points of concentration selected were Sherley Hundred, Flower dieu Hundred, Passapahey, Kicquotan and Southampton Hundred. Samuel Jordan, of Jordan's Point, and Mr. Gookin, with his Irish settlers at Newport News (New Porte Neuce) refused to obey the order of the Governor and remained to defend themselves against all assaults. One heroic woman, Mrs. Proctor, a proper, civil and modest gentlewoman, defended her estate for a month, till she, with all with her, were obliged by the English officers to go with them, and to leave their substance to the havoc and spoil of the enemy. Edward Hill, also, at Elizabeth City, "altho much mischief was done to his cattle, yet did himself alone defend his house, whilst all his men were sick and unable to give him any assistance." (Stith) Preparations for various manufactures were abandoned. The people were so terrified they feared to work in the fields, and crops were neglected. A winter of famine was the grom prospect. Henricopolis was destroyed never to be rebuilt, and the projected university abandoned; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 41 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ John Berkeley and the twenty skilled workmen at the iron works, erected at Falling Creek, had been among the slain; the first iron mine and foundry in the colony would never be reopened. Maurice Berkeley, son of John, was temporarily assisting in erecting glass and salt works on Eastern Shore, therefore, escaped the fate of his Falling Creek companions. Experiments in mining and forging had also been made near Providence Forge. (Deposits of good ore have lately been found in that vicinity.) Through Centuries Three by Squires The Plantation pp. 112-113 The "sicknesse" returned with fury redoubled. Sir George Yeardley wrote (1620) "about 300 of the inhabitants dyed this year." That was one-fourth the colony! The scourge grew worse. More than 1,000 died during Wyatt's first year, either on shipboard or after landing from the pestilential ships. "Such a pestilent fever rageth this winter among us; never known before in Virginia, by the infected people that came over in ye 'abigal,' who were poisoned with beer, and all falling sick and many dying, everywhere dispersed the contagion." (GEORGE SANDYS.) Of 5,000 immigrants who came in five years (1619-24) the colony gained only 200 inhabitants! A worse calamity now befell. For eight years there had been peace. Fields of tobacco and corn extended for miles along the lordly rivers and the edges of the forest. The Indians, docile and friendly, accepted the hospitality of the whites, came to their cottages and left as friends, traded with them, ate at their tables. Many farmers employed Indian servants, many hired Indian hands. Many pagans de- clared themselves Christians and were baptized. So completely were the planters deceived that they loaned the savages boats to paddle to conferences where the murder of the colonists was planned! As the fatal hour approached the Indians were even more friendly than before. They came that very morning to sell deer, turkey, and fruit to those they expected to murder at noon. Opechancanough (pronounced in Virginia "O-pe-can-oe") was the arch-demon. He shrewdly foresaw, none more clearly, that the unending stream of settlers encroach- ing ever farther inland would sooner or later occupy all the fertile lands which the Great Spirit had given the Indians. The blow was to be struck simultaneously at noon, March 22, 1622. He knew well enough that only by surprise could the bloody work be done. The red men could not hope to win in battle array. An Indian boy, Chanco, lived with Richard Pace four miles from Jamestown and was a Christian. Chanco revealed the plot to pace, who warned Wyatt. The Governor sent messages in every direction but time was too short to save the outlying districts from the impending blow. When the hour arrived the savages everywhere fell upon their victims. Many were cut down, even before they suspected evil "with their own tooles, most barbarously, not sparing either age or sex, man, woman or child." As they worked in the fields, passed along the roads or sat in their homes they were ruthlessly slain. In an excess of hatred the Indians "fell again upon the dead bodies making as well as they could a fresh murder, defacing, dragging and mangling their dead carkasses into many pieces." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ COLONIAL SURRY by John B. Boddie On Good Friday, March 22, 1622, there occurred the Great Massacre by the Indians un- der Opecanough. Richard Pace was then residing on his plantation called "Pace's Paines" on the banks of the James, on the Surry side neat the Four Mile Tree and Mount Pleasant Plantations. Pace, who had been living at his plantation since Dec- ember 5, 1620, was instrumental in saving the lives of the Jamestown settlers.. His story is known to every school child, yet it might be well to quote from the origin- al account published in the records of the Virginia Colony, as follows: "The slaughter would have been universal if God had not put it into the heart of an Indian belonging to one Perry to disclose it, who living in the house of one Pace, was urged by another Indian his brother (who came in the night and lay with him) to kill Pace, (so commanded by their King as he declared) as he would kill Perry; telling further by such an hour, in the morning a number would come from divers places to finish the Execution, (who failed not at the time). Perry's Indian rose out of his bed and revealed it to Pace who had used him as a son: And thus the rest of the Colony that had warning given them, by this means was saved. "Pace upon this discovery, securing his house, before day rowed over the river to James City (in that place near three miles in breadth) and gave notice thereof to the Governor, by which means they were prevented there, and at such other planta- tions as was possible for a timely intelligence to be given; for where they saw us standing upon our guard, at the sign of a Piece they all ran away." Pace was forced to leave his plantation and resude in Jamestown for safety. In the Winter of 1622, he petitioned the Governor to allow him to return to the plantation promising "to fortify and strengthen the place with a good company of able men." The petition was granted but the brave Pace died not long afterwards, for George Page, "son and heir apparent to Richard Pace, decd." on 1 September, 1628 received a patent "to the plantation called "Pace's Paines", granted his father 5 December, 1620; westward on land of his mother Isabella Perry; East on land of Francis Chapman now in the tenure of William Perry, gent., his father-in-law (step-father), and north upon the main river; 100 acres due for the personal adventure of his father Richard Pace and 300 acres for the transportation of four persons." George Pace married Sarah, a daughter of Captain Samuel Maycock, a member of the Council, who was killed in the massacre. Descendants of the Pace family have spread throughout the South. In the Massacre there were 347 persons killed out of a total population of 1,240 in Virginia. WITNESSING AMERICA MASSACRE IN VIRGINIA. Unlike the Pilgrims in Plymouth, the English who had settled at Jamestown, Virginia, were "placed stragglingly and scatteringly." This, in part, was because they be- lieved they were on good terms with the local Indians, whose conversion to Christ- ianity was one of the English colonists professed purposes in coming to America. Captain John Smith tells what happened as a result of this overconfidence: "On the Friday morning that fatall day, being the two and twentieth of March [1622], as also in the evening before, as at other times, they came unarmed into our houses, with Deere, Turkies, Fish, Fruits, and other provisions to sell us: yea in some places sat downe at breakfast with our people, whom immediatly with their owne tooles they slew most barbarously, not sparing either age or sex, man woman or childe; so sudden in their execution, that few or none discerned the weapon or blow that brought them to destruction. In which manner also they slew many of our people at severall works in the fields, well knowing what places and quarters each of our men were, in regard of their fam- iliaritie with us, for the effecting that great ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PAGE 43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ master-peece of worke their conversion: and by this meanes fell that fatall morning under bloudy and barbarous hands of that perfidious and inhumane people, three hun- dred forty seven men, women and children; mostly by their own weapons. And not be- ing content with their lives, they fell again upon the dead bodies, making as well as they could a fresh murder, defacing, dragging, and mangling their dead carkases into many peeces, and carrying some parts away in derision, with base brutish tri- umph. Neither yet did these beasts space those amongst the rest well knowne unto them, from whom they had daily received many benefits; but spightfully also mass- acred them without any remorse or pitie . . . . That worthy religious Gentleman Master George Thorp ... did so truly effect their conversion, that whosoever under him did them the least displeasure, were punished severely. He thought nothing too deare for them, he never denied them anything; in so much that when they complained that our Mastives did feare them, he to content them in all things, caused some of them to be killed in their presence, to the great displeasure of the owners, and would have had all the rest gelt to make them the milder, might he have had his will. The King [Opechancanough] dwelling but in a Cottage, he built him a faire house after the English fashion, in which he tooke such pleasure, especially in the locke and key, which he so admired, as locking and unlocking his doore a hundred times a day, he thought no device in the world comparable to it. Thus insinuating himselfe into this Kings favor for his religious purpose, he con- ferred oft with him about Religion; as many other in this former Discourse had done; and this Pagan confessed to him (as he did to them) our God was better than theirs, and seemed to be much pleased with that Discourse, and of his company, and to re- quite all those courtesies. Yet this viperous brood did, as the sequel shewed, not onely murder him, but with such spight and scorne abused his dead corps as is un- fitting to be heard with civill eares. Captaine Nathaniel Powell one of the first Planters, a valiant Souldier ... they not onely slew him and his family, but butcher-like hagled their bodies, and cut off his head, to expresse their uttermost height of cruelty. Another of the old company of Captaine Smith, called Nathaniel Causie, being cruelly wounded, and the Salvages about him, with an axe did cleave one of their heads, whereby the rest fled and he escaped: for they hurt not any that did either fight or stand upon their guard. In one place, where there was but two men that had warning of it, defended the house against sixty or more that assaulted it. Master Baldwin at Warraskoyack, his wife being so wounded, she lay for dead; yet by his oft discharging of his peece, saved her, his house, himselfe, and divers others. At the same time they came to one Master Harisons house, neere halfe a mile from Baldwines, where was Master Thomas Hamer with six men, and eighteene or nineteene women and children. Here the Salvages with many presents and faire perswasions, fained they came for Captain Ralfe Hamer to go to their King, then hunting in the woods: presently they sent to him, but he not comming as they expected, set fire of a Tobacco-house, and then came to tell them in the dwelling house of it to quench it; all the men ran towards it but Master Hamer, not suspecting any thing, whom the Salvages pursued, shot them full of arrowes, then beat out their braines. Hamer having finished a letter hee was a writing, followed after to see what was the matter, but quickly they shot an arrow in his back, which caused him to returne and barricade up the doores, whereupon the Salvages set fire on the house. Harisons Boy finding his Masters peece loaded, discharged it at randome, at which bare report the Salvages all fled . . . . But for the better understanding of all things, you must remember these wilde naked natives live not in great numbers together, but dispersed, commonly in thirtie, fortise, fiftie, or sixtie in a company. Some places have two hundred, few places more, but many lesse; yet they had all warning given them one from another in all their habitations, though farre asunder, to meet at the day and houre appointed for our destruction at all our several Plantations; some directed to one place, some to another, all to be done at the time appointed, which they did accordingly... Six of the Counsell suffered under this treason, and the slaughter had beene univer- sall, if God had not put it into the heart of an Indian, who lying in the house of one Pace, was urged by another Indian his Brother, that lay with him the night before, to kill Pace, as he should doe Perry which was his friend, being so command- ed from their King: telling him also how the next day the execution should be fin- ished. Perrys Indian presently arose and reveales it to Pace, that used him as his sonne; and thus them that escaped was saved by this one converted Infidell. And though three hundred fortie seven were slaine, yet thousands of ours were by the meanes of this alone thus preserved; for which Gods name be praised for ever and ever. Pace upon this, securing his house, before day rowed to James Towne, and told the Governor of it, whereby they were prevented, and at such other Plantations as poss- ibly intelligence could be given: and where they saw us upon our guard, at the sight of a peece they ranne away; but the rest were most slaine, their houses burnt, such Armes and Munition as they found they took away, and some cattell also they destroy- ed. Thus have you heard the particulars of this massacre, which in those respects some say will be good for the Plantation, because now we have just cause to destroy them by all meanes possible.... Besides it is more easie to civilize them by conquest than faire meanes; for the one may be made at once, but their civilization will re- quire a long time and much industry. The manner how to suppresse them is so often related and approved, I omit it here: And you have twenty examples of the Spaniards how they got the West-Indies, and forced the treacherous and rebellious Infidels to doe all manner of drudgery worke and slavery for them, themselves living like Souldiers upon the fruits of their labours." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TRANSCRIPTION FINISHED 30 SEPTEMBER 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------